The Personality Of A Executive Who Wears A Suit - 1340 Words

Introduction In stereotype, people think there are some typically appearance and posture of a leader. The appearance and posture of a typical leader which people usually used to evaluate a leader include tall, a deep voice, a good posture, a touch of grey in his thick, lustrous hair, a fit body and ages. Although there are some people who don’t fit these typical features runs some dynamic businesses in the world. Even Peter Thiel, one of Silicon Valley’s leading investor, introduces a role: never invest in a CEO who wears a suit. But according to the research from several research institutions, people who fit these typical features usually have higher position and higher salary than others. In real circumstance, when a company plans to†¦show more content†¦Because there are strong evidences that those people who choose candidates for high position still have these stereotypes and prejudices. Analysis In social psychology, if people view specific types of individuals or certain ways of doing things must indicate a person or a group, this relatively fixed class of view called stereotype. Stereotype means the appearance that people think a person or a group look like. Stereotypes probably affected by education, society, even culture. Sometime these views or thoughts don’t represent real world correctly. How do stereotype and prejudices format? There are different explanations between different disciplines. Sociologists think that relations of a person and different groups in a social structure are main factors of how stereotype and prejudices construct. Psychologists have different explanations about this question, they focus on a person’s experience with groups, patterns of communication about those groups, and intergroup conflict. To explain persistence of stereotypes and prejudices, there are two main factors. First factor is the cognitive effects of schematic processing. Existing stereotypes will be strengthened and confirmed when a member of a group behaves a certain way that people expect the group should be. Second factor is the affective or emotional aspects of prejudice. By render logical arguments, affective or emotional aspects

Why I Am Joining The Military - 962 Words

My earliest recollection of wanting to join the military was when I was in the 8th grade. When anyone asked me what I wanted to do when I got older the answer was always the same, when I turn eighteen I’m joining the military. The branch of service may have changed by the focus was always on serving in the military. I wish I could state the drive behind joining, I believe it may have been for the glory only at that time. My only real connection to the military was my maternal grandfather who had served as an enlisted Army MP for over 20 years active duty. My parents were behind me in my decision to join but always hesitant, especially my father who grew up in the Vietnam area. My dad would always mention how his parents were ready to head to Canada if his draft number was ever called, and I know he meant it. I enlisted in the Marine Corps at the age of 17 the summer before my senior year in high school. I left for basic training three weeks after my high school graduation. It was during this time I hit my lowest point in my life and lost focus on the reason I wanted to be there. I ended up failing out of basic training because I refused to train and went home thinking I had escaped. But in reality it was the start of literally the biggest regret of my life that still haunts me to this day. After arriving back home from basic training I jumped right into college. My freshman and sophomore year of college I competed in cross country and track long distance. It was duringShow MoreRelatedAmerican Council On Exercise And Joining Forces1665 Words   |  7 Pages American Council On Exercise/Joining Forces Chelby Calhoun University of New Orleans American Council on Exercise (ACE)/Joining Forces The initiative/program I chose was the American Council on Exercise working with Joining Forces. ACE, founded in 1985, is a non-profit organization out of San Diego, California. 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Critically Discuss And Evaluate The Labour Government Free Essays

Labour Government came to power in 1997, conveying a immense investing to the early old ages attention and instruction of kids. Announcing in the Childrens Plan, how it aims to do this state the best topographic point for kids to turn up. ( Winter, 2008 ) The National Childcare Strategy aimed to advance the wellbeing of kids, whilst back uping parents to accomplish a balance between work and household life by supplying high quality child care ( Potter, 2007 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Critically Discuss And Evaluate The Labour Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now Previously Governments had left childcare chiefly to household and private services, nevertheless the Labour Party are at the head of advancing the benefits of holding a high quality instruction. The National Curriculum topics of 1988 provide the anchor of the course of study and there was considerable mismatch between the new purposes and the specifications for the assorted topics. ( Ward, 2009 ) Since 2003 efforts in the UK to back up an aims-based course of study – that is to state, a course of study in which purposes, one time selected, are to be realised by the most appropriate curricular agencies, instead than one in which purposes and course of study remain separate. Both Holmes and Nunn argued, in different ways, for a developmentalist history of acquisition, and this in bend left hint in both the Hadow and the Plowden Reports. ( Alexander, 2009 ) However, in the late sixtiess Robert Dearden produced a powerful review of the ‘child-centred ‘ place represented in these studies. Richard Peters emphasised the acquisition of cognition and apprehension for its ain interest and several outstanding theoreticians have followed him in this. More popular histories over the last 40 old ages of what instruction should be for hold tended to polarize this position and the position that kids should be allowed to develop of course, normally to the disadvantage of the latter. ( Alexander, 2009 ) Robert Dearden ‘s ain history, in footings of fiting scholars for a life of personal liberty within a moral model, has been developed farther by later authors. In recent decennaries the inclination of philosophical Hagiographas has been towards puting specific purposes like Dearden ‘s within larger scenes, so that their principle becomes more limpid. ( Alexander, 2009 ) There has therefore been much work on the publicity of personal wellbeing as a cardinal purpose, this being seen as a more inclusive construct than personal liberty. These philosophical geographic expeditions are now going progressively relevant to policy-making, given that well-being underpins the 2004 Children ‘s Act, the five Every Child Matters results and the 2007 Children ‘s Plan. The relationship between personal wellbeing and morality has besides been explored. The importance of instruction for continued development and planetary consciousness has become particularly outstanding in rece nt old ages. ( Parton, 2006 ) Many of these thoughts have impacted on authorities policies on purposes over the last 40 old ages, and have proved influential in course of study deliberations. Pressure for authoritiess to bring forth non merely lists of purposes but besides defendable principles for how they fit together continues, the progressively holistic histories of the theoreticians could good be of service. ( White, 2008 ) The involvement in the early old ages has besides been spurred by new research and scholarship in Fieldss such as neuroscience, developmental psychological science, and economic sciences. The release of the National Academy of Sciences study From Neurons to Neighborhoods ( Shonkoff and Phillips, 2000 ) brought new attending to research on early encephalon development and the importance of experiences in the early old ages for kid wellness and developmental results. At the same clip, economic expert James Heckman was stressing the importance of the early old ages for human capital formation, reasoning that investings made in the early old ages would put the foundation for larning in those old ages and in the hereafter ( Heckman and Lochner, 1999 ) . Heckman has besides joined with developmental psychologists in stressing that both cognitive and non-cognitive facets of development are eventful for ulterior life opportunities ( Heckman, 2003 ) . Further thrust for the turning involvement in early old ages policy is the handiness of strict grounds that high-quality intercessions can better kid development in the early old ages. Surveies of plans such as Nurse-Family Partnerships have found that high-quality early old ages plans can better kid wellness and development for deprived kids, in both cognitive and non-cognitive spheres ( Springate, 2008 ) . These consequences provide evidences for optimism that well-crafted policies could play a function in contracting spreads in school preparedness. At the same clip, nevertheless, there are clearly some bounds to what early old ages plans can carry through ( White, 2008 ) . Some part of the differences that emerge in the early old ages will be due to factors that are non readily altered by policy. A farther challenge is that non all early old ages plans are every bit effectual, high-quality plans are non cheap, and even the most promising theoretical account plans may non work ever y bit good when delivered on a large-scale. ( Springate, 2008 ) There are besides thorny issues to be grappled with sing the extent to which such plans are best delivered universally or targeted to disfavor groups. However, the historical bequest found in the re-emergence of the developmental attack in the Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) for kids aged 0-5, overlapping the primary stage of Early Learning Goals are specified for each of the six EYFS Areas of Learning and Development are in England the continuity of traditional topic, ( Kwon, 2002 ) but the topics had to be antiphonal to a new set of national purposes, interdisciplinary work encouraged, and scenes freer to invent their ain course of study within statutory restraints. The overall national purposes are treble: to enable all immature people to go successful scholars, confident persons, and responsible citizens. ( Pugh, 2005 ) The course of study is one that integrates attention, instruction and teaching method and this is apparent in the course of study papers which emphasises how kids should larn instead than what kids should larn. The EYFS comprises legal demands associating to larning, development and public assistance. It brings together the acquisition, development and public assistance demands and ends the differentiation between attention and acquisition and between the birth to three and three to five proviso. ( Kenny, 2006 ) Multi-agency partnership is indispensable to the bringing of the EYFS purposes. Percy-Smith ( 2006 ) provides a reappraisal of the grounds related to the development, bringing and effectivity of strategic partnerships. She argues that local strategic partnerships supervising and commissioning kids ‘s services have an of import portion to play in presenting the Government ‘s Every Child Matters ( ECM ) docket. Change for Children docket, the Children Act 2004, counsel on Lead Professionals, undertakings such as the execution of the Newborn Hearing Screening Programme, and the enlargement of Certain Start. ( Perry-Smith, 2006 ) The national rating of Early Support ( ES ) , the cardinal authorities programme designed to better multi-professional service proviso. ( Young, 2006 ) Equally good as research and rating of plans showing a strong instance for extremely qualified staff in early childhood scenes there is besides the inquiry of what type of staff will be needed in the hereafter. As we move towards more incorporate service bringing staffing becomes an issue ( Cameron, Mooney A ; Moss, 2002 ) . In New Zealand considerable authorities outgo has been directed towards accomplishing a to the full qualified instructor work force by 2012 ( New Zealand Education Review Office, 2004 ) . A extremely trained and skilled work force is indispensable to supplying high quality child care. Presently the sector as a whole invest little in staff preparation and development, rewards are besides inveterate low. ( Broadhead, 2007 ) If the EYFS is to be delivered efficaciously preparation and support is indispensable non merely for new entrants to the work force but besides for bing staff. It is likely that authorities financess will necessitate to be invested to guarantin g that all scenes are able to present the course of study. The presence of extremely qualified and experient staff has been systematically linked to high quality interactions between kids and grownups, and this is an of import factor in the societal, linguistic communication and cognitive development of kids in group scenes. Research indicates that specialised early childhood staff engage in well more developmentally appropriate interactions with kids of all ages ( Phillips, 1987 ) . The links between higher degrees of qualified staff and positive results for kids have been established ( Phillips, Mekos, Scarr, McCartney A ; Abbott-Shim 2001 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cypnow.co.uk/Archive/929092/Early-Years-Foundation-Stage — -difference-year-made/ How to cite Critically Discuss And Evaluate The Labour Government, Essay examples

The Darkness Of Macbeth Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Darkness Of Macbeth Essay, Research Paper The Darkness of Macbeth William Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Macbeth is a drama of darkness. Throughout the drama, three things in peculiar drama a portion in puting this phase, so to talk, of darkness. These three things are characters, subject and temper. Each has its ain portion in puting up the darkness. The characters ( the rubric character in peculiar ) are dark in their actions, the subject is dark in its capable affair, and the temper is dark in its kernel. Macbeth in peculiar, is really dark in his actions. To turn out this, we will look at the beginning of the drama. In act 1, scene 3, the enchantresss, who met Macbeth on a dark heath, gave him some truths and some prevarications # 8211 ; # 8220 ; All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane/ of Glamis! # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane/ of Cawdor! # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be King afterlife! # 8221 ; ( I, iii, 49-53 ) . The enchantresss in their evil manner prompted Macbeth # 8217 ; s aspiration to be king. They planted the idea that he could be king if Duncan died. # 8230 ; My idea, whose slaying yet is but fantastical, Shingles so my individual province of adult male That map is smothered in guess And nil is, but what is non. ( I, iii, 151-154 ) Once Duncan is killed, Macbeth can # 8217 ; t halt. He must kill everyone and anyone who stands in his manner. He even kills Banquo and Macduff # 8217 ; s household. ( News of Banquo ) # 8220 ; My Godhead, his pharynx is cut. That I did for him. # 8221 ; ( III, four, 18 ) ( News of Macduff # 8217 ; s household ) # 8220 ; Your palace is surprised, you married woman and babes/ Savagely slaughtered. # 8221 ; ( IV, three, 233-236 ) He so thinks that he is unseeable because the enchantresss told him # 8220 ; # 8230 ; The power of adult male, for none of adult female born/ Shall injury Macbeth # 8221 ; ( IV, I, 88-89 ) and # 8220 ; Macbeth shall neer vanquished be, until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill/ Shall come against him. # 8221 ; ( IV, I, 101-103 ) But so at the terminal of the drama Macbeth gets what # 8217 ; s coming to him and they really do kill him # 8211 ; # 8220 ; He # 8217 ; s worth no more. / They say he parted good and paid his mark, / And so God be with him! Here comes newer comfort. # 8221 ; ( V, eight, 61-63 ) . The subject of Macbeth is really dark in its capable affair. The chief subject throughout the whole drama is decease, decease, and more decease. First, as said above, we have Macbeth killing Duncan because the enchantresss told him that he would be king # 8211 ; # 8220 ; I have done the title. / Didst thou non hear a noise? # 8221 ; ( II, two, 17-18 ) Then, subsequently on, we have the slaying of Banquo # 8211 ; # 8220 ; O, perfidy! / Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! / Thou mayst retaliation. O slave! # 8221 ; ( III, three, 25-27 ) Following, we have the slaying of Macduff # 8217 ; s boy # 8211 ; # 8220 ; He has killed me, Mother. / Run off, I pray you! # 8221 ; ( IV, two, 97-98 ) , tungsten hich is followed by Lady Macduff running off phase, shouting â€Å"Murder! † pursued by the Murderers ( IV, two, terminal ) . Later on, while fixing for conflict, Macbeth gets intelligence of his wife’s decease – â€Å"The Queen, my Godhead, is dead.† ( V, V, 18 ) , which didn’t even sadden him because he was excessively preoccupied in fixing for his confrontation with the attacking forces. Continuing with Macbeth’s slaying run, the Young Siward is killed in a battle – They fight, and immature Siward is slain. ( V, seven ) Then, eventually, in the terminal, Macbeth got what he deserved and was murdered by Macduff – They re-enter contending, and Macbeth is slain. ( V, eight, b/w 39-40 ) . In entire, there ended up being about 7 deceases in a five-act drama, turn outing that the subject of Macbeth decidedly has to be decease, which is really dark. The temper in Macbeth is really dark in it # 8217 ; s kernel. Get downing from the beginning, we are introduced to the three Witches # 8211 ; in a desert topographic point with boom and lightning ( I, I ) . As the drama goes on, every clip the Enchantresss are introduced, hapless false belief is used doing the temper really dark. For illustration, when the Witches meet Macbeth for the first clip # 8211 ; in a heath, thundering ( I, three ) . When the Witches meet Hecate # 8211 ; in a heath, thundering ( III, four ) . In act four, the enchantresss are huddled around a boiling caldron, fixing a enchantment # 8211 ; in a cavern, thundering ( IV, I ) . Every clip they make an phantom, boom is heard. This makes the temper really dark. Another clip where Shakespeare made the temper reasonably dark could be when Banquo comments that the dark is particularly dark # 8211 ; # 8220 ; # 8230 ; There # 8217 ; s farming in Eden, / Their tapers are all out # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( II, I, 6-7 ) The dark dark, in other words, reflects Macbeth # 8217 ; s dark desires # 8211 ; # 8220 ; # 8230 ; And take the present horror from the clip, / Which now suits with it. Whiles I menace, he lives. / Wordss to the heat of workss excessively cold breath gives. # 8221 ; ( II, I, 67-69 ) Then, for a concluding illustration of the dark temper, we have the feast scene, which should be merriment and happy, but there is no joy because Macbeth keeps seeing the shade of Banquo # 8211 ; Avaunt, and discontinue my sight! Let the Earth conceal thee! Thy castanetss are marrowless, thy blood is cold ; Thou hast no guess in those eyes Which thou dost blaze with. ( III, four, 111-114 ) Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Macbeth is decidedly a drama of darkness. By looking at the characters in the drama ( Macbeth in peculiar ) and their actions, the subject # 8217 ; s dark capable affair, and the temper # 8217 ; s dark kernel, Shakespeare made it really clear that this is drama of darkness. Whether it had been intended or non, it is really obvious that he was really successful in making so. Bibliography Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Macbeth

Odysseus Selfish Hero. Essay Example

Odysseus: Selfish Hero. Paper Morgan Kraft Period 2 October 11, 2011 1st Quarter Essay Jack Sparrow is a selfish hero. He thinks of himself most, but he truely cares for his men. He relates to Odysseus in that manner. Odysseus is also a selfish hero, but a hero all the same. This is proven by his courage, his cleverness, and his caring nature. Odysseus is a hero because of his courage. This is shown on many occasions including in the episode with the Cyclops. Homer, in his epic poem The Odyssey describes how Odysseus rammed it [the spike] deep in his crater eye (Homer 692). This is courageous because the Cyclops could have killed him pretty easily and there are many ways it could have gone wrong, yet he did it anyway. Another example is when he enters the Land of the Dead. His courage is expresses through the following: and I grew sick with fear. But presently I gave command to my officers to flay those sheep the bronze cut down, and make burnt offerings of flesh to the gods below (Homer 701). Odysseus had no clue what could have happened to him there, but he knew to make it home he had to, even though he was scared. We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus: Selfish Hero. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus: Selfish Hero. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus: Selfish Hero. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Listening to the Sirens song was a noble act as well, for the reason that he could have found a way to untie himself, but he knew he had to listen because of Circe’s warning of the dangers he will face: the Sirens, who lure sailors to their destruction (Homer 705). In the cases of the Cyclops, underworld, and Sirens Odysseus showed great bravery therefore he is a hero. Another of Odysseus’s heroic traits is his cleverness. Proof of his wit is seen when he tells the Polythemus My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy. (Homer 692). This shows that he has the ability to think ahead in difficult situations and not let his head get clouded. Yet another example is when he slung a man under the middle one [sheep] to ride there safely (Homer 694). This demonstrates his knowledge of whom he is around. Odysseus knew that the Cyclops was a shepherd and he had to let his sheep out everyday. One final example of Odysseus’s cleverness is shown w hen he laid it [beeswax] thick on their [shipmates] ears (Homer 706). This is clever because his men cant hear the melodious voices of the Sirens. This indicates that his wit makes him a hero. A final, but not only other, heroic trait Odysseus wields is his care. Proof of this is shown while on the island of the Lotus-Eaters when he fought to bring his men back to the ship. In this episode Homer writes as Odysseus, I drove them, all three wailing, to the ships, tied them down under their rowing benches (Homer 685). This is caring because some captains would just say, â€Å"forget it†, and leave them. More proof is shown when he has his men tie him to the mast of the ship and listen to the sirens. yet she urged that I alone should listen to their [the Sirens] song (Homer 705). The care in this is the fact that he sacrificed part of his sanity so that his men would be able to get past the Sirens. One more act of his care is shown when he grieves for the loss of his men, time and time again. An example of this is when he sees Elpenor in the Hades realm, Now when I saw him there I wept for pity (Homer 701). This shows he is not completely selfish and that he actually feels bad every time a man dies on his watch. Henceforth, Odysseuss care proves he is a hero. To end, the heroic traits Odysseus has are courage, wit, and care. And these traits prove what a true hero Odysseus truely is. Yes, he may be selfish like Jack Sparrow, but he is still a hero. So, with this how many of todays so called heros actually are?

Thesis on The Chosen, The Importance of Relationships essays

Thesis on The Chosen, The Importance of Relationships essays On a journey through life, it is our relationships that influence us. Relationships are key to Chaim Potoks novel, The Chosen. These relationships consist of the friendship of Danny and Reuven, the relationship between Reuven and his father, and the relationship of Danny and his father. The most important relation is the connection between Danny and Reuven. The fact that Danny and Reuven are both of the Jewish faith, but Danny is Hasidic shows that they are alike, but different in many ways. One difference is how they are raised. Danny Saunders' father, Reb Saunders, chooses to raise his son in silence because Danny is next in line to be the Tzaddik. As a result of this, he feels isolated from his father and feels like he cannot talk to him. Danny does not want this, so Reuven helps him get along with his father by encouraging him to tell Reb Saunders about his wishes to be a psychologist. When they are at the library, Reuven also encourages Danny not to give up when trying to read Freud. Reuven does want to be a rabbi, so Danny brings him home to his father to study the Talmud. Reuven appreciated Reb Saunders and Danny for this. This appreciation is revoked when Reb Saunders casts a silence between the two of them for Mr. Malters actions. It seemed incredible to me, so outrageously absurd. Not Freud, but Zionism had finally shattered our friendship(Potok 218). Reuven cannot believe that modern thought was not the one to come between them; instead it was their religions and political beliefs. At the end, the silence is lifted, and they reunite. Other important relationships in The Chosen are father-son relationships, one of these being Reuven and his father. Reuven and his father, David Malter, share a loving, understanding and caring relationship. They talk to each other often about what is going on in their lives. Once when Reuven came home late after b ...

Consumer' Income Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer' Income - Coursework Example When the price of the orange is $30, consumers are willing and able to buy 30,000 oranges. As the price of the orange decrease to $10 the quantity demanded increases to 60,000 oranges which are due to the fact that more consumers will be willing to buy that orange. For a linear curve decrease in price is directly proportional to increase in quantity demanded. 7. List the determinants of demand. (6 total)   The determinants of demand curve are as follows: a) The consumer’s income b) The price of related goods c) Advertisement d) Consumer price expectation e) Number of consumers in the market f) Taste and preference of consumers 8. Next to each determinant in your list give a real world example of it.   Along a demand curve the factors, other than price of the good, are held constant. When these factors change the demand curve shifts either outwards or inwards which means that either more or less is demanded at a certain price. An explanation of these factors is given below: 1- The consumer’s income: the effect that income has on the amount of a product that consumers are willing and able to buy depends on the type of good. For most goods, there is positive (direct) relationship between a consumer’s income and the amount of the good that one is willing to buy (Campbell R. McConnell, 2007). The demand for a product will shift outward when the consumer’s income rises. We call these types of goods as normal goods. For example, the demand for branded clothes increases with the income level. However; for some goods the relationship is opposite between income and your demand for a product. These goods are called inferior goods. There demand decreases as income increases. For example, income level increase will cut the demand for second hand cars. 2- The price of related goods: A common example could be of bagels and cream cheese. We call these types of goods complements. If the price of a bagel goes up, the law of demand tells us that on e will buy fewer bagels. Moreover, as use of cream cheese is complimentary to bagels, the demand for cream cheese will also fall. When two goods are complementary, there is an inverse relationship between the price of one good and the demand for the other good. On the other hand, some goods are considered to be substitutes for one another. This means that they can be used as an alternate to each other. Either of them would be deferred for the other. For example, Coke and Pepsi are used as substitutes for each other. If price of Coke increase, the demand for Pepsi will increase and if the price of Coke decreases the demand of Pepsi will decrease. This portrays a positive relationship between the price of one good and the demand for the other good. 3- The tastes and preference of consumers: It is a less tangible item that can have a big impact on demand. There are certain things that can change one’s taste or preferences which ultimately causes people to buy more or less of a p roduct. For instance, a person may have a higher demand for an umbrella on a rainy day than on a sunny day. Another example of it would be endorsements by celebrities. If a celebrity endorses a new product, this may increase the demand for a product. This will change the preference of a consumer and will result in an increase in demand. On the other hand, if a new health study comes out indicating that meat is bad for your health, this may decrease the demand

MARKETING FINANCIAL SERVICES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MARKETING FINANCIAL SERVICES - Essay Example Marketing tools used by the organization The marketing strategy of the organisation targets four customer groups: Personal Financial Services that includes consumer finance, Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets, and Private Banking. In the present financial milieu, the tools that would best persuade customers to entrust their transactions with a particular institution would be the service attributes themselves, that such service capably meets with the clientele’s most stringent requirements. The Academy of Marketing Science (2008) states that a company’s reputation is considered a marketing tool (p. 31). HSBC’s strongest marketing tool is its reputation. The conservatism associated with its brand name is a valuable asset. In a period of general public distrust in the financial system, confidence in a financial institution is the single most important factor that would determine a customer’s patronage. Another tool that HSBC relies on to attract a nd maintain its customers’ loyalty is its global presence. Most businesses in one way or another undertake commercial transactions of an international nature, which require some form of financial settlement that only a bank with strong global exposure may capably and satisfactorily discharge. Also, innovative products that timely address the market, such as HSBC’s recent launch of low interest rate, low deposit mortgage funding, have the potential of attracting demand because such products cater closely to their need. Finally, HSBC prides itself on its global expertise not only on financial matters, but also on its knowledge concerning socio-cultural considerations. Business culture happens to be closely linked with social traditions in certain countries; HSBC thus markets itself as the local global bank, referring to its local expertise coupled with global presence. Customers of the organisation, including issues Because HSBC serves a wide range of consumer and corpor ate banking interests, its customers also span the continuum from individuals in their personal finances, to non-business organisations, to small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs), to large domestic corporations, to state entities, and up to large multinationals corporations (MNCs) and conglomerates. Because of these widely divergent products serving widely different clientele, the company faces several issues having to do with its customers, that may put the bank at significant risk. The diversity of HSBC’s various markets is an important risk management factor and a source of financial strength (Greer & Kolbe, 2003) and it may be consolidated into three main business models in which it has a â€Å"natural advantage† (HSBC Annual Report and Accounts, 2009, p. 12): 1. Businesses that cater to international customers for whom connections with developing markets are critical (Global Banking and Markets, Private Banking, the major part of Commercial Banking, and the mas s affluent segment of Personal Financial Services; 2. Businesses with local customers where the efficiency of output or services may be improved by access to markets on a global scale (the small business segment of Commercial Banking, and the mass market segment of Personal Financial Services; and 3. Products which may have potential in the global market, with the assistance of the HSBC Group’s efficiency, expertise and reputation, such as the bank’

Analysis of Family Conflict Case from a Legal Pointview Study

Analysis of Family Conflict from a Legal Pointview - Case Study Example The fact that the defendant is not associated with Caroline in any way is immaterial, from the point of view of her request for the Court's protection, although it has been seen that the law has a distinctly favourable disposition towards married couples in such instances of grant of injunctions orders since a greater degree of clarity is available in such relationships as compared with lesbianism, homosexuality or  other forms of cohabitation among consenting people. These actions of Gary cannot be termed as physical violence or even threats of violence, but, nevertheless it does constitute molestation, even in the absence of violent acts, or deemed violent actions. In Johnson -v- Walton (1990) FLR 568, the Court ruled that "any conduct which could properly be regarded as such a degree of harassment, as to cause for the intervention of the Court " could be termed as acts of harassment. In this case, soon as the relationship between Miss W and Mr J ended, pictures of Miss W in a semi-nude state appeared in the press. According to Miss. W, she was neither aware of or had agreed to such an act. Nobody, except Mr J, on the basis of their past liaison, could have gained access to commit such an act. (The Family Law Act 1996. 2006). Again,  Vaughan -v- Vaughan (1973) 3 All ER 449. In the decided case of Vaughan v Vaughan, (1973) 3 All ER 449, the ex-husband used to constantly pester his ex-wife, through calls and visits at her residence and place of work. This created a fear psychosis in the mind of the ex-wife and undermined her health. It was held, that although threats or actual physical violence was absent, the ex-husband's conduct constituted molestation and invoked the Court's intervention. (The Family Law Act 1996. 2006).

Business Essays Online Shopping Mall

Business Essays Online Shopping Mall Online Shopping Mall This report presents the feasibility study for developing the online shopping mall for UK retail outlets and customers. The idea was generated by looking at the staggering growth of the internet user and online shopping specially in UK with a record 12.8 billion pound online sale last year. This report analysis the need for online shopping mall as it provides a big opportunity to those who have less technical skills in developing the retail online sites for themselves and these hosting sites will help them do the online business with les administration for a fee only. The report is divided into nine sections starting from the explanation of what are online shopping mall and its importance in today’s competitive business world along with the emphasis on how technology helps business to grow. Types of technology available for developing online shopping mall are also discussed. For backend development MySQL 5.0 database is used. On front end JSP will be used to develop the script as it’s easy to learn as well as more versatile. The basic cost involved is for renting the space on ISP servers, the purchase of domain name, the registration with the search engines (directories) and the most important advertisement to generate traffic for the online shopping mall. In the end a detailed project plan on the basis of time and activities is explained in context of the feasibility of online shopping mall from data study till construction of the site and maintenance. Aims and Objectives Aims The aim of this study is to present a formal report and a power point presentation on the feasibility of developing the online shopping mall for UK customers and retailers. Objectives The objective of this feasibility report is to: Provide about the background, importance and growth of the online shopping mall in UK. Preparing a feasibility report by providing the information regarding site development, technology available and cost involved Prepare the project plan and Prepare a four minute power point presentation to explain the feasibility of online shopping mall. 1. Introduction 1.1 Concept of Online Shopping Mall The idea of online shopping mall originates from e-commerce. E commerce is in practice in most of the developed countries of the world such as USA, UK, and Europe etc where shopping concept is changing from physical purchase to virtual buying. This type of business is very popular among the retail outlets that are looking for a boost in their sale by offering customers new channels or mediums to make a purchase. This way not only the customer has more options but companies also enjoy an increase in their sale due to increased online outlet. Even after the immense success of e commerce there was a big group of business who either knew how to do e-commerce or they were unable to manage the administration of such technical field which required a lot of web knowledge. This generates a need of a place where these retail outlets can start their online business but without any hassle. Online shopping mall is basically the by product of e-commerce. The idea is to provide the easiest platform to these retail outlets that can do online business without any trouble or risk. It’s a site where any retail outlet can get registered and have a space and the rest of the administration will be done by the host of that online mall. Not only that but also the host will be the one who will take c are of all payment procedures. Online shopping mall provides a lot of benefits to the retail outlets on the site such as administrative, management of the site as well as invoicing of the business. Customer is benefited too. He has not only the variety but also ease to find what ever he is looking for at one place. The choices available to customer is many as products available on online shopping mall can range from within the product category (all Nike products) or an entirely different product type ( homecare, clothing, electronics etc.) from as many retailers possible . 1.2 Scope of Online Shopping Mall In UK Europe has a staggering 42 million user of internet and talking of Britain, 11 000 users are adding to the list annually. This gives an immense boost in the revenues generated by online activities on monthly basis. Among all the internet activity online shopping is not only generating the maximum revenues but also is growing at the fastest speed. It can be proved by the fact that almost 30% of all the sites are used for trading rather than attracting the advertisers for the means of business. By looking at this statistics and knowing that this will grow to another 30% within next few Years’ businesses are attracted towards internet to boost their sale with a relevant low cost, one of the best feature of online shopping. Moreover online shopping mall further reduces the cost and hassle for those retailers who have less technical skills to take the optimum advantage of the online business. According to the report of Ian Grant, as compare to Italy, Germany, France etc UK is the top most country in online shopping having a sale of approximately 12.8 billion pounds along with a record growth of 75% in online sale since 2005 till date 2. Building The Online Shopping Mall In general there are 4 basic steps which you have to follow to have an online shopping mall Get a company who will host your site Get yourself domain name for your online shopping mall. For a search engine you need to get directories. So Register with them Attract internet user through advertisement ( traffic generation) To maintain the sites you have to arrange the important tools required for order processing, invoicing and transaction 2.1 Background Research For Building An Online Shopping Site Before starting to build an online shopping mall we need to have clear idea of few things that will be needed once the site is complete. Domain name Website Hosting Secure Server Certificate Merchant Account Payment Transaction gateway. 2.1.1 Domain Name The domain name is that name by which will be recognized on the internet, to show our online appearance we need a domain name for our website, this name can be a of up to 67 characters in length and should be easy and meaningful to remember so that customer can remember it easily. The domain name is registered with a suffix, this suffix is a ‘.’ Extension and represents the nature of the website. Few common extensions are .com– used for commercial business website .net.– used for commercial network .org – used for organization. There are other extensions available as well these include, .biz, .edu, .tv etc. Choosing a domain name is a difficult task as here are around 128 Million domain names registered and that is the reason that’s why choosing a name that will represent out MALL will be a difficult task as most of the name are already taken. Therefore lots of brainstorming is required to select a name with following quality. It should be short Easy to memorize Should not be confusable. Not easy to misspell Should represent the MALL Considering these factor we can choose a domain name that will represent our website. 2.1.2 Website Hosting A web hosting company provides space and bandwidth on rent, once our site is developed we can put the content of the website on the allocated space on the hosting server, this transfer can be made from development site to hosting server using File Transfer Protocol (FTP) software’s. Once website is uploaded and domain is directed to rented space. The site is up and running and whenever user enters the domain it is directed to this space. A web server is a powerful computer machine which is designed in such a way that it can bare the load of internet traffic accessing the website present on it. This server can be on any plat form either Linux or Windows but should be able to handle the load. The web hosting companies usually setup these servers in data centres; these data centres are responsible for making the backup and providing security of data. The key responsibility of data centre is to make sure that website is always present on the internet. A typical process of how the web server makes a bridge between the website visitor and the administrator of the website is shown in the diagram below (courtesy of eaysiteguid.com) The visitor enter the domain name of the mall in the web browser, the domain name is resolved on the domain name server (DNS) and the user browser connects to the web server which in return send the contents of the website to the visitors browser. Similarly the developer can connect to the web server to upload new contents and for management of website. 2.1.3 SSL Protection Secure Socket layer (SSL) is the technology that provides an encrypted link between your host site and the web server. An SSL is required as we want to provide safe environment to the customer as our website will be involved in credit card transaction, and there might be a chance of theft of information and customer personal information can be jeopardized. For our Shopping Mall we require SSL certificate to make our customer feel comfortable while they are giving there information to us, they need to be sure that there information will be kept private and only will be used for the transaction they are making, we are obligated to protect our customers. In the real mall there are guards to protect customers and shops from theft same as we need SSL as our mall guard. Another reason of implementing SSL is that there can be legal consequences as if some one’s information is compromised, then as we are not involved in theft but we can be the source that gives the way to let other people information accusable and that customer can get us in to trouble. So SSL can be our first line of defence. Therefore a SSL certificate is required for our eCommerce site as we may loose customers if we can’t protect there information. How SSL Protects In SSL the transfer of data from the user webpage to the web server is in encrypted form, the code is scramble in such a way that no one can use it outside, the encryption can be 128 bits or 256 bits depending on the complexity of encryption, mostly for online shopping site 128 bit encryption is used, the 256bit is usually used by banks. This certificate is issued by the SSL issuing vendor that provide certificate with a encryption key, this encryption key is put on the server that do the SSL encryption, the website host will install this certificate on the web server, once installed when a customer access the site, a padlock is shown on the bottom of the browser that tell that this site is secure, opening the padlock shows the certificate, which tell who’s this certificate belongs to. The cost of SSL is declined rapidly from 400 pounds to now it is between 20 to 60 Pounds per year, SSL can be purchase by different vendors like VERISIGN. There is a facility to get a shared SSL which is provided by the host. This SSL certificate is further cheaper but the drawback is that when a user or customer check the certificate the name of the host appears on the certificate instead of the merchant that can cause confusion on user mind as the information will not match with the site owner. So it’s best to have our own SSL certificate, after getting the certificate we can install the certificate on the root directory of our web server. 2.1.4 Merchant Account A merchant account is an account which is provided by banks or finical institution. This type of bank account allows any e-commerce business to accept credit cards online, it is used by customers to deposit the money electronically that is through credit cards, the process where the money is transferred through credit card is called Card Not Present (CNP) merchant account and is needed when the customer don’t send the money in physical form during the transaction. Merchant account can be opened by any bank which gives this facility to the merchant to accept transaction electronically. To open a merchant account negotiation is done with the bank or institution over the different charges, these charges involved Up Front Application Fees: This is the fees that the provider charges for handling the transitions, as the number of merchant account provides are increasing and competition is building up, most of the providers waive this fee off. Statement fee: This is the fix amount fee that the merchant have to pay for his account, this is normally around 10 to 15 pounds per month, and this fee is also called on going fixed fee. Discount rate: This is the sales commission charge by the merchant account provider on each transaction; it is normally between 2 to 4 percent of the sales. Fixed Transaction Fee: This is the fixed transaction fee for each sale, unlike the discount rate this fee is a fixed amount and not the percentage, this fee is usually 0.05 to 0.01 pounds per sale. Termination Fee: This fee is charged if the account is closed before the contract period is ended. Chargeback Fees: This fee is charges if a customer wants a refund and want to withdraw there money then the merchant account provider will charge a fee usually between 5 to 10 pounds on each withdrawal. A merchant account acts as a go between your gateway (Credit card processor) and your business account, the money comes to this account and passes to your business account and if there are chargeback or user cancel the transaction money is takes from you business count and from merchant account gets out. 2.1.5 Payment Method The payment method on an online shopping site the process is almost same as the physical shopping site, like in shops peoples comes select items or products and pay cash on the counter, in online shopping site customer visit the website select item and put in the basket ( THE CART) and finally checkout using credit card. Once customer is checkout his credit card is needed to be verified, this is checking whether credit card is valid and that there is money in the account and also that there is no fraud case. The checking of the credit card can be done by using a payment processing method; there are two types of payment processing methods Payment Processor Payment Gateways Payment Gateway This method involves checking credit card information in real time as the transaction is taking place, The gateway service is provided by different companies like LinkPoint, Authorize Net etc. The gateway processor verifies the credit card information in real time and completes the whole process (acceptation or rejection) of payment within second and traction results are displayed to customers. The process works like this. After customer has decided the item he wants to purchase he clicks the BUY button on the webpage. Once the customer is finish with shopping, he clicks on the checkout button which takes the customer to a secure form where his personal information is entered including the credit card information. The credit card information is send to the payment gateway. The gateway processor sends the transaction data to merchant’s bank, which then passes the information to Credit card interchange. The credit card interchange then sends the data to credit card issuer for verification. The issuer then verifies the data and sends the result to credit card exchange whether the information is valid or not. The credit card exchange then sends the acceptance or denial information to merchant’s bank processor. The transaction results send by the merchants bank processor are passed to payment gateway. The payment gate way then send the denial or acceptance information to the merchant who then display the confirmation or rejection of purchase on the webpage. If transaction is successful the merchant account is debited and customers is credited (this process is done in real time). The whole process is depicted in the figure below Advantages This method provides professional solution as all the transaction is done in real time. Transaction result can be displayed on the webpage that is acceptance or denial The process is invisible to the customer. The funds are directly deposited in the merchant’s bank account. And merchant don’t have to worry about fund deposition as the whole process is automatic. This is because the fraud is detected before the product is shipped. Some service provider provide fraud protection as well, this protects the merchant and the actual card holder to become the victim of fraud. Transaction fee and service charges are less then of payment processor. Disadvantages This mode of payment processing required a merchant account Cost of setup is high then payment processor. Payment Processor This method is also called delayed response as the transaction is not completed in real time. When the user is ready to checkout he is redirected to payment processor service provider, such as PayPal, Verisign PayFlow link etc and these providers then handles the transaction for the merchants. The customer is informed about the completion of transaction once he is finish checkout but in actual the process is of verification is started at this time. The credit card is processed and transaction approval or decline results are informed to the merchant who is then responsible to inform the customer about the transaction approval or rejection thought email. The process works like this: After customer has decided the item he wants to purchase he clicks the BUY button on the webpage. Once the customer is finish with shopping, he click on the checkout button which takes the customer to a secure form on a third party website where his personal information is taken, once user finish checkout he is shown transaction is complete The user part is now done, the user thinks that transaction is complete but in actual the information is send to payment processor that then communicates with the banks to authorize the credit card. This process can take minutes or up to a days If transaction is denied the merchant are notified through an email, if transaction is successful the cash is deposited to merchants account. Other wise merchant has to inform the customer that the transaction is denied. Advantages No merchant account is required as third party processor will handle the transaction and will deposit the money to your account Cost less to setup then process gateways. Transaction fee and process charges are less then process gateways. Disadvantages Delay in transaction process to complete Credit card is checked for authorization after the user is informed that transaction is complete. Customers are redirected to third party website such as PAYPAL etc for checkout process and to finish transaction, this losses the uniqueness of branding as customers sees that he is being redirected and this causes the flow to break. Customers are informed later whether the transaction is accepted or denied, and if denied then customer can get irritated. 3. Initial Requirement 3.1 The Users The concept of this project is to design a website mall which can serve two types of customers one will be the shop owners who would like to open a shop in our virtual mall and second will the customers who will purchase item from those shops. An Administrator will be the one who will administer the mall, the shop owners and the customers. Therefore our design should coupe up there type of users, this include the ADMINISTRATOR who will be looking before the whole site, The SHOP owner who will be managing a shop in the Mall, and the CUSTOMER who will be purchasing the products. 3.1.1 Administrator Administrator will be user who will have full access to the MALL, he can be said as a super user, all the request to open a shop will be send to the administrator and then admin will decide weather to accept the request or reject it Admin will also responsible for managing the categories or subcategories of shops, he can add remove or update them as required without affecting the shop owners. Admin will also look after feedback sent and can reply to them or remove them. The Use case diagram below show what actions admin can perform in the system. 3.1.2 Shop Owner If a user want to open the shop in the mall, he will fill in the form and send it to administrator, If his request is approved by the administrator and is granted space in the mall he will become the shop owner, The responsibilities of shop owner is to manage the shop, he can add remove categories, design a catalogue and can remove, add or update item in the catalogue. He can also generate several reports regarding the sales and inventory that will keep him up to date f the business. A shop owner can remove the shop anytime he wants. The Use case diagram below shows what action shop owner can perform on the system. 3.1.3 Mall Customer Mall customers will be the users who will purchase products from the mall; they can browse the mall search shops, products within different shops and can compare prices. After they have decided what they want to buy, they can add the items to the shopping cart and can checkout at any stage during there stay on the virtual mall, when checking out customer can login and all this information will be updated in the checkout form. A customer can login any time to view his order status or he can change his personal details like shipping address and other information. The Use case diagram below shows what action mall customer can perform on the system. 3.2 Mall Interface An initial study was done on what interface will be created for the Mall, these interface includes. 3.2.1 Admin Interface ADMINISTRATOR ADMIN:This interface will only be available to administrator and let user administer the site from accepting shop request to generating reports and modifying site contents. 3.2.2 Shop Owner Interface CATALOGUE CREATOR: A catalogue creator interface will be available to shop owners where shop owners can add, remove or update items by category. These items will be added to the catalogue accessible by the customers. SHOP OWNER ADMIN: This page will be available only to shop owner from there he can perform the administration of this shop, this include link to catalogue creator, report generator and information updater. 3.2.3 Customer Interface CATALOGUE: For every shop a catalogue will be created from where customer can find item information and price. PRODUCT SEARCH: A search page will be build where customer can search for products this page will fetch the results from the data base and display them on the search page. SHOP SEARCH: This feature will allow customers to search for shops by categories SHOPPING BASKET: A shopping basket will be created which will be linked with the BUY button and when a customer hits the buy button the selected item will be added to the basked, the customer can view this basket to update or remove items. CHECKOUT FORM: A form will be created that will take customer information and send it to processor gateway for verification and save the transaction data in the database. 3.2.4 Miscellaneous LOGIN INTERFACE: A login interface will be provided where administrator, shop owner and customers (optional) can login; the user will be directed to the page his user type belongs to. REGISTRATION PAGE: This page will let user to register with the site either as a customer or shop owner. 4. Technology Available for Development Now day’s different technologies are available for developing software and website. Few of them are open source and do no add cost in development. For building our website we require to choose technology for Backend and Front end development. 4.1 Backend Backend is where the Website data will be stored, this data can be of the customer, shop owner or can be site contents. For an ecommerce application databases are the foundation, all the information comes from the database and all the information will go to the data base. There are several databases technologies available like MSACCESS, MSSQL and MYSQL. MSACCESS is Microsoft database that can run on windows based servers. It is used for small scale ecommerce website, it is easy to develop database using MSACCES for developing low traffic site. It is a file based database and the problem with file based database is that if a data base crash all the data is lost. MS SQL SERVER is also Microsoft based database server which has wide support, it has powerful enhanced feature like stored procedure. It is very fast and stable. A free Express developer edition is available to create local database for development and testing. MYSQL SERVER is an open source database, it also has extremely huge support community, the version 5 has enhanced feature that can be used to create enterprise level databases. It is super fast and stable as compare to other databases. MYSQL is also multi platform so that it can be deployed on any web server running on either windows or Linux. It is important that data base should be build correctly as application will run on top of it and after launch of website if a serious flaw is found then it’s hard to fix the problem as data base structure has to be changes that can shake the foundation of the application. So it’s necessary that through time should be spend in designing of database. Few factors were conceders while choosing the database. These factors involve: Stability: The database should be stable and should not crash as this can make the site down which can cause potential loos to business. Scalability: data base should be scalable to handle large amount of data and can be extended if necessary once build. Speed: Speed is once of the important factor, the database should be able to retrieve information on fast rate so that customers or users don’t have to wait for the data to be fetched; the data based should be able to optimize queries. Referential integrity: This concept involves that data base should be developed in such way that inconsistent data should not be saved in tables. 4.2 Frontend Front end is what the user will see on the webpage, this user can be a customer or the Mall administrator or shop owner. The front ends code brings the information back from the backend and display to the user or take the information from the user and send it to back end for processing or storage. We require a scripting language that can be used to develop font end. There are different scripting languages available for writing server side scripts like ASP, JSP and PHP etc. ASP: Active Server pages ASP is Microsoft developed scripting language used to create dynamic WebPages, it is used by many web hosting companies and lots of material and books are available, the disadvantage of using ASP is that the code can be writing by using only VBScripts as Microsoft bounds that, and writing code in VBScripts has its own limitation. JSP: Java Server pages is another technology of creating dynamic WebPages, it is based on JAVA programming language to design server side code. The JSP code is incorporated in HTML files by using special tags to write dynamic contents. The JSP source code is executed from the server on JSP Servelet Engine; this Engine then generates the HTML and sends the output to client browser. The advantage of using JSP over ASP is that ASP is based on Microsoft .NET architecture and can only run on Microsoft platforms where as JSP is Cross platform and can be run on any platform like Linux and windows. Another advantage of Using JSP is that beside its Object oriented, it can be used with different technologies like, Extended java beans (EJB), SERVALETS and AJAX to make site more interactive. PHP: PHP is one of the widely used server side scripting language, by using PHP dynamic websites can be created which provide interaction of user with the website. PHP is cross platform language that is PHP scripted running from Linux web server can be executed on windows machine and vice versa. The language is open source and is available without any cost, beside open source it has huge development community with can be contacted for help if required. The language is fast, stable and secure. 5. Selected Technology 5.1 Backend Backed will be developed using MySQL 5.0. The reason for using MySQL is that it is open source and will not add cost in development, beside that it have extremely wide support and a huge developer community from where great help can be obtain. Other reason is that it is expected that the site will have heavy traffic and fast stable and secure database server is required and MSSQL is the only open source database that can be relied upon. The 5.0 version of MySQL also includes the stored procedure call, a stored procedure call can save the query data that is frequently used so that that data does not need to be fetch from table again and again, and it’s a sort of caching. Beside that MySQl has built in security feature and as MySQl database is not a file that’s why it can’t be copied from the server, MySQL is also multi platform and can be deployed on any server. 5.2 Front End JSP will be used to develop the front end scripts as we have previous background of JAVA and JSP is based on java and is easier to learn and to develop and it is more versatile and different technologies will be used like SERVALETS and AJAX to make the shopping experience more interactive and as AJAX function can be executed on user browser therefore carefully writing the function can decrease the bandwidth usage hence making the website much fast. 6. Cost Involved Building and making the ecommerce site functional require cost, this involves the cost of software’s that will be need to d

The Political Career of Richard Nixon Essay -- essays research papers

Richard Nixon served as the 37th president of the United States. He is well known for the infamous Watergate scandal and was remembered by the American people as the first president to resign from office. However, he is also undoubtedly one of the most influential political figures when it comes to guiding the nation through one of its toughest time periods in history, as well as breaking the ice on foreign diplomacy with socialist countries such as China and the Soviet Union. Despite his downfall involving the Watergate Hotel, he had dedicated a tremendous amount of effort in domestic and world politics; and made numerous contributions during his life as a politician, which would give enough reason for future historians to believe that the second half of the twentieth century is truly â€Å"the age of Nixon†. Richard Milhous Nixon was born into a poor family on January 9, 1913, in Yorba Linda, California, and was raised in the nearby small town of Whittier. His mother, Hannah Milhous, was well educated and a religious member of the Quaker Society, while his father Francis Anthony Nixon was uneducated, had no steady jobs, and was accused of being quarrelsome with nearly everyone around him (American President, http://www.americanpresident.org/history/). Nixon was very introvert as a child. He had a difficult early life with series of hardships, which made a lasting effect on his character and personality. He did not fit in with most of his peers and had a lifelong difficulty of trusting people outside of his family (Nixon, 1978, 5-15). His anger was kept inside of him, which motivated him to develop a sense of competition and struggle, and inspired him to excel in school. He became the valedictorian of his grammar school and was an excellent debater in Whittier High School. It was also the re that he met first long-term girlfriend, Ola Florence Welch. Ola Florence was known for her beauty and strong character, with a brain to match. The two quickly fell in love and stayed together for six years. Ola Florence became engaged to Nixon in 1933. However, their romance fizzled as Ola Florence broke off their engagement in 1935 (Aitken, 1993, 58-65). Nixon studied at Whittier College in California and graduated in 1934. He went on to pursue his study of law at Duke University Law School in North Carolina. After graduating third in his class in 1937 (American President,... ...2004) -----. â€Å"Nixon’s China Visit†. http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18006.htm (March 12, 2004) -----. â€Å"Who Said That?†. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/china/sfeature/wst_q3b.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 15, 2004) -----. â€Å"U.S. Presidential Election, 1972†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._presidential_election%2C_1972 (March 14, 2004) -----. â€Å"Watergate Chronology, 1971-1972†. http://www.watergate.info/chronology/1972.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 14, 2004) -----. â€Å"Watergate Chronology, 1973†. http://www.watergate.info/chronology/1973.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 14, 2004) Aitken, Jonathan. 1993. Nixon: A Life. London, Great Britain: Butler & Tanner Ltd. Lewis, Alfred E. â€Å"Washington Post, June 18, 1972†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/061872-1.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (March 16, 2004) Nixon, Richard. â€Å"Nixon’s Resignation Speech†. http://www.watergate.info/nixon/resignation-speech.shtml (March 17, 2004) Nixon, Richard. 1978. The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. New York: Grossett & Dunlap Publishers.

My character, Miss Torso Essay

My character, Miss Torso is outgoing and full of life. She has a passion for dancing and it finds a way into every aspect of her life. She dances whilst making breakfast and entertains male guests as it is highly amusing. The enthusiasm I embody cannot be faked and is clearly seen in the opening scenes. Hitchcock, my director manipulates my character and her personality to be overtly sexualised and purely for the viewing of male counterparts. I resent the portrayal of my character having to rely on the affection of men to be happy. Yes, I enjoy the company and the entertainment they provide but I do not need it to survive or to find happiness. Not only are the women in the film presented as highly attractive and submissive to men, they are given the stereotype of women being needy and reliant on men. However if you look closely at the film you will see that if it weren’t for the women, the mystery of the murder would never have been uncovered. Crucial female characters found many clues, pieced together the events within the crime and risked their lives with absolutely no recognition. Lisa, who could have had a strong relationship with Miss Torso given the opportunity could have helped further the investigation. With the understanding that the genre relies heavily on these stereotypes to recognise crime fiction they should be re-evaluated as the times have changed. Women have fought relentlessly to attain rights and equality which should be represented within this film. I feel my character was merely a device for Hitchcock to exemplify his themes of voyeurism and women being the subject of the male gaze. As even her name is characterised after her body it highlights the stereotype that women are simply at appease the male counterparts. My part within the film is that of being a doppelganger to Lisa. I highlight the traits of an attractive female in this time period. These being that without a man you are lost and that your happiness depends solely on the comfort and reliance that a man provides. With this I find utterly absurd as both Lisa and I live by ourselves and manage our lives to our satisfaction. The affection I receive from males by entertaining are all for my pleasure. In the film however this is not how it is portrayed; rather than for my amusement and independence it is depicted as my reliance on men. I resent this portrayal as it is far from what I feel. This all returns back to the murder of Mrs Thorwald. The assumption is made that she was a whinging wife that was bedridden and could not perform the daily duties that are expected thus leading to her murder. The whole concept of marriage is burdened with negative connotations throughout the film. Even the newlywed couple who are blissfully on their honeymoon depict this when at the end of the film the husband is seen looking out the window with distain towards his wife. It is almost seen as acceptable that the wife is murdered as not even the professional detective will take the case seriously. My character portrays a woman reliant of men with her quality of life being completely due to male involvement. This is a huge misinterpretation of the strong, independent and charismatic woman that she actually is. These traits need to be highlighted rather than subverted as a means of accentuating the theme of females being subject to the male gaze.

Free Essays on Loyalty

Picking your employees Employee behaviors and attitudes - even more than leadership principles and ideals - communicate most directly to customers, suppliers, and others just what the company stands for. Loyalty leaders are uniform in setting high standards for new employees, and they are remarkably uniform in the practices they have learned to attract and retain the right employees. They all create a uniquely attractive opportunity; they are all keenly involved in the recruiting process; they all take pains to ensure that employees’ first experiences on the job reflect their value to the company as well as the values of the company. Select your customers with care Being picky about customers may be a foreign concept. Bringing in the right kinds of customers can result in long-term cash flow annuities as well as in continued growth from referrals, and in enhanced satisfaction from employees whose daily jobs are improved when they can deal with appreciative customers. Loyalty leaders are extremely picky about targeting only the right customer - those for whom their firms have been engineered to deliver truly special value. By maintaining the most rigorous standards for choosing your business partners - your employees, your customers, your suppliers, and your dealers - you will be headed for the high road of loyalty leadership.... Free Essays on Loyalty Free Essays on Loyalty Picking your employees Employee behaviors and attitudes - even more than leadership principles and ideals - communicate most directly to customers, suppliers, and others just what the company stands for. Loyalty leaders are uniform in setting high standards for new employees, and they are remarkably uniform in the practices they have learned to attract and retain the right employees. They all create a uniquely attractive opportunity; they are all keenly involved in the recruiting process; they all take pains to ensure that employees’ first experiences on the job reflect their value to the company as well as the values of the company. Select your customers with care Being picky about customers may be a foreign concept. Bringing in the right kinds of customers can result in long-term cash flow annuities as well as in continued growth from referrals, and in enhanced satisfaction from employees whose daily jobs are improved when they can deal with appreciative customers. Loyalty leaders are extremely picky about targeting only the right customer - those for whom their firms have been engineered to deliver truly special value. By maintaining the most rigorous standards for choosing your business partners - your employees, your customers, your suppliers, and your dealers - you will be headed for the high road of loyalty leadership.... Free Essays on Loyalty It’s a beautiful fall afternoon, and the new folliage has made the New Hampshire air fresh and crisp. A man takes his dog’s leash of the hook on the back of the laundry room door, and with a little jingle the dog comes running out of the living room right to the man’s feet. He clips the leash, and the dog is all over him until they get outside. They make for the path that starts in his backyard, but knows no end. As they get deep into the tunnel of reds,oranges,and yellows, the path they are walking on turns around the corner of a big rock, and into to a huge black bear. The man in his red flannel shirt and North Face vest freezes and the bear bats him to the ground with his paw. At this, the 70 pound dog charges at the massive bear and again the bear raises his mighty paw to knock the dog up against a tree, and unconcious. After about an hour, the dog comes around to find his owner is laying dead in a pile of dried up leaves. The dog stands up with a bit of a li mp, and makes his way over to his owner. He nudges him behind the elbow as if he wants the dead man to pet him. When there’s no reaction from the man, he circles around once, lies up against the man’s cold side, and closes his eyes. There are three parts to the definition of loyalty, and this dog displays all of them. The first part of the definition is unconditional love. As soon as the dog knew what the man wanted to do, he was at his feet. The second part of the definition is giving up rational thought and representing whoever or whatever you’re loyal to. Not only was it obvious that the dog had no chance against the bear, but he also could have easily ran to safety. The last part of the definition, is the willingness to lay down and die for someone or something. The dog could have found his way back home, but he didn’t want the home without his life long companion. The first part of Loyalty is easy to understand; unconditional love. When people get ma rried, the...

Admiral Stockdale essays

Admiral Stockdale essays Through reading this article by Admiral Stockdale, I have certainly become inspired. His perspective on life and education is most honorable. Through deprivation he has prospered, he let his intellect take over and was able to let go of a materialistic status. Which is what most Americans strive on. Mr. Stockdale starts his article with the conviction that the best preparation for a full and successful life, surely entails a proper blend of classical and contemporary studies. He elaborates more in the end of his article by stating a deeper perspective on education, The challenge of education is not to prepare a person for success, but to prepare him for failure. I feel this statement is a more realistic view on how education would be more effective. If the masses of students that attend public education were enlightened to the resources they would need in time of crisis, instead of only teaching tools of success. Our American people would be more a well-rounded society. In our society people only begin to understand how to handle a crisis after the fact. The masses of Americans are taught to only succeed for only themselves, and when a crisis or failure takes place these people are usually alone fending for themselves. A strong society needs to help it self, and not turn its head to the needy. Mr. Stockdale refers to Homers epic, The Iliad, The scene when Hector is leaving his wife and baby son on his way to a sure death in battle. This type of selflessness and sense of duty would be looked down upon in todays American society. Instead remarks like how dumb was he and I would never do that are most likely to be heard. Mr. Stockdale was given the opportunity to leave the prison on the bases that he would disavow American Imperialism, which is something he did not lower him self to. The majority of the American people has never been threatened against their...

Civil engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Civil engineering - Essay Example the railroad is completely flat (en.rian.ru, 2011). It was built to integrate the nation into a modern rail network and is a part of the Alp Transit Railway Project which can afford the citizens the ease to travel in a better and faster manner. The tunnel site was filled with hard rocks posing a significant challenge to the excavation staff and causing immense disturbance in the surrounding area (Leung, Zhou, 2006: 153). It is known to be one of the greatest feats of engineering considering the fact that it was built at 4000 feet above sea level, on an uneven route comprising of steep gradients and sharp curves and exposed to dangerous environment which included snow and avalanches. Furthermore it was built under a mountain range which is nearly 8000 to 11000 feet high (Williams, 1968: 176). It took almost fifteen years to construct this spectacular engineering feat, costing billions of dollars. The construction of this tunnel is not only a significant engineering achievement but is also laudable for its major contribution in easing traffic and connecting various areas by enabling road transport at cheaper and faster rate. However, various problems were encountered during and after the construction of this tunnel, which presents a significant opportunity for study, and the same is discussed in the following sections. Figure 1: St. Gotthard Base Tunnel – Geographic location Source: World Records (2011) Geological setting The St. Gotthard Base Tunnel, as mentioned in the previous section is one of the largest tunnels in the world and is constructed in the Alpine mountain range. The construction of a tunnel of this magnitude and length, entails application of special state of the art techniques and technology. The tunnel was divided into five sections depending upon the geological structure of the site. These five sections include: Erstfeld, Amsteg, Sedrun, Faido, and Bodio which were approximately 7.4 km, 11.4 km, 6.8 km, 14.6 km, and 16.6 km in length, re spectively (as shown in Figure 3 below). Boring machines were used in all the sections other than in the Sedrun section, where the conventional blasting technique was used, since the rock formation in that area was highly unstable and could have posed a significant danger (NA, 2011). Figure 2: Geographical Setting Figure 3: Sedrun Tunnel The method applied for tunneling depends largely on the rock type in the area in which the tunnels are being constructed. Thus, it is of utmost significance for the engineers to devise various alternate strategies for tunneling and align the same with the rock types encountered by them on site. Almost 90 per cent of the rock type in the Gotthard Base Tunnel comprises of rock which is suEhrbarble for mining thus, the boring techniques were used in the areas such as Erstfeld, Amsteg, Faido and Bodio and the traditional mining techniques were used to blast the area in the Sedrun section (NA, 2011). Figure : Geological formations – St. Gotthard B ase Tunnel Temperature in the tunnel: Furthermore, the temperature in tunnels is also drastically different and hence must also be taken into consideration. When rock is exposed in the tunnels during excavation, a significant amount of heat is generated depending upon various factors such as the virgin rock temperature i.e. VRT; the thermal properties, the amount of water contained in the rock, the

Tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Tort law - Essay Example Whether the Newns department store is liable under the provisions of Occupiers liability Act for the losses suffered by Joanna and Edith. Whether Edith and Cindy are eligible for damages in respect of the nervous shock suffered by them. As such, the issues to be addressed are; first, whether Newns department store is liable for the nervous shock suffered by Edith, due to the charging reindeer. Second, whether this store is liable for the nervous shock suffered by Roland. Third, whether this store is liable for the nervous shock caused to Cindy and Joanna. Edith The Newns department store introduced a real reindeer, in its Santa grotto. This reindeer was aggravated by Paul, which caused it to charge. This resulted in nervous shock to Edith, an elderly patient on a pacemaker, who presumed that the animal was charging at her. Secondary victims have to satisfy certain conditions, in order to succeed in a claim. These are the nature of the relationship between the claimant and the primary victim; the physical proximity of the claimant to the accident; the means of receipt of information by the claimant; and the manner of occurrence of the psychiatric illness.2 In Alcock, some people were killed in the Hillsborough football stadium disaster. The relatives of those who had been killed sought compensation from the police, for psychiatric injury. It was the contention of these claimants that their psychiatric injury was due to the negligence of the police officers. It was maintained by them that the police had failed to manage the crowds. In this case, the police accepted their negligence. The court in McLoughlin v Brian established the limits of emotional ties, physical proximity to the accident site, and the means by which the psychiatric injury had been caused.3 In the Alcock case, the court elaborated upon physical proximity to the accident. It stated that the person who was subjected to the traumatic event was the primary victim. The person who had not been physica lly injured, and was merely a witness to the event, constituted a secondary victim.4 According to the above discussion and case law, the Newns department store cannot evade liability on the basis of the caution notice displayed by it. In addition, it should have foreseen that there was the possibility of some child or customer infuriating the reindeer, and causing the latter to charge. Although, Edith underwent nervous shock, she was a disabled person. Moreover, she survives on a pacemaker. Furthermore, Edith is a secondary victim, who does not satisfy the additional criteria stipulated in Alcock. In addition, no physical injury or accident had transpired. Consequently, Edith is ineligible for a claim under nervous shock. All the same, she can claim damages under the provisions of Occupiers Liability Act 1984 for the pain suffered by her, due to the negligence of the Newns department store. Joanna Thereafter, a 4 year old, Joanna was separated from her mother Cindy, in this departme nt store, and she entered a washing machine, considering it a convenient place to hide and play in. A negligent sales assistant switched this machine on, and Joanna was severely injured. She was rescued by an off duty policeman Roland, who underwent nervous

Significance of Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of the standard Essay

Significance of Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of the standard neoclassical view of the competitive process - Essay Example These markets which are referred to in the neoclassical viewpoint are considered to be a group of optimizing individuals trading amongst each other at predetermined prices and are endowed with the means of production given (Henry,  2012, p. 321). The concept of competitive process in neoclassical view revolves around the utility optimization in an environment of Perfect Competition. Perfect Competition is where there is no market power exhibited by the firms and they act as the price takers. Thus, the extent of the market power indicated the competition in a particular market. The economists of this theory believe that the equilibrium is the point where the utility is maximized. Profit maximization is an example of this as it is a fundamental aspect of a firm within their market structure. Equilibrium, according to them, also provides the market clearing process to take place. As this theory has been providing a simple ideology for the functioning of the market under the Perfect Co mpetition, there are many modern economists who have considered the real life situations and concluded that a number of other factors are also to be included to analyze the competitive process in the markets (Leask, Parnell, 2005, p. 469). There have been some theorists that have criticized the traditional approach over the time as modern aspects were introduced, and so alternative schools of thought were created. Two of these alternative schools are the Austrian and the Post-Keynesian theories. The Austrian school of thought is rooted from the work of Menger, Hayek and Mises. The approach was concerned with the significance of Subjectivism,... This paper stresses that the perfect competition structure of the market is the key approach of the neoclassical theory of competition and on the other hand, the Austrian and Post-Keynesian theories emphasize on the importance of Oligopoly as greater in the modern economics. Being philosophically distant from one another, the neoclassic view had been under constant pressure throughout the years. As much as it is important to assess the criticisms, it is also important to assess the significance of those criticisms and their affects. The author talks that the concept of competitive process in neoclassical view revolves around the utility optimization in an environment of Perfect Competition. Perfect Competition is where there is no market power exhibited by the firms and they act as the price takers. Thus, the extent of the market power indicated the competition in a particular market. This report makes a conlusion that it is evident that the criticisms made by the Austrian and the Post-Keynesians hold a very significant impact on the business economics and this impact is unquestionable. These criticisms were a rise to much advancement that was needed in the modern economics. In fact, the impact that they had were not only on the academics but also on the general knowledge for the public. These criticisms drove the extensions to the neoclassical theories and gave them a sense of realism. These criticisms are however, significant only until the neoclassical school finds a way to enhance their role and advance their models to come up to the level of the two alternative schools. Modern economics and realism are the key factors to be looked upon.

Tata Motors Essay Example for Free

Tata Motors Essay The Tata group comprises over 100 operating companies in seven business sectors: communications and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. The group has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents, and its companies export products and services to 85 countries. The total revenue of Tata companies, taken together, was $100. 09 billion (around Rs475,721 crore) in 2011-12, with 58 percent of this coming from business outside India. Tata companies employ over 450,000 people worldwide. The Tata name has been respected in India for more than 140 years for its adherence to strong values and business ethics. Every Tata company or enterprise operates independently. Each of these companies has its own board of directors and shareholders, to whom it is answerable. There are 32 publicly listed Tata enterprises and they have a combined market capitalisation of about $89. 53 billion (as on June 6, 2013), and a shareholder base of 3. 8 million. The major Tata companies are Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, Tata Global Beverages, Tata Teleservices, Titan, Tata Communications and Indian Hotels. Tata Steel is among the top ten steelmakers, and Tata Motors is among the top five commercial vehicle manufacturers, in the world. TCS is a leading global software company, with delivery centres in the US, UK, Hungary, Brazil, Uruguay and China, besides India. Tata Global Beverages is the second-largest player in tea in the world. Tata Chemicals is the world’s second-largest manufacturer of soda ash and Tata Communications is one of the world’s largest wholesale voice carriers. In tandem with the increasing international footprint of Tata companies, the Tata brand is also gaining international recognition. Brand Finance, a UK-based consultancy firm, valued the Tata brand at $18. 16 billion and ranked it 39th among the top 500 most valuable global brands in their BrandFinance ® Global 500 2013 report. In 2010, BusinessWeek magazine ranked Tata 17th among the 50 Most Innovative Companies list. Founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868, Tata’s early years were inspired by the spirit of nationalism. It pioneered several industries of national importance in India: steel, power, hospitality and airlines. In more recent times, its pioneering spirit has been showcased by companies such as TCS, India’s first software company, and Tata Motors, which made India’s first indigenously developed car, the Indica, in 1998 and recently unveiled the world’s most affordable car, the Tata Nano. Tata companies have always believed in returning wealth to the society they serve. Two-thirds of the equity of Tata Sons, the Tata promoter holding company, is held by philanthropic trusts that have created national institutions for science and technology, medical research, social studies and the performing arts. The trusts also provide aid and assistance to non-government organisations working in the areas of education, healthcare and livelihoods. Tata companies also extend social welfare activities to communities around their industrial units. The combined development-related expenditure of the trusts and the companies amounts to around 3 percent of the groups net profits in 2011. Going forward, Tata is focusing on new technologies and innovation to drive its business in India and internationally. The Nano car is one example, as is the Eka supercomputer (developed by another Tata company), which in 2008 was ranked the world’s fourth fastest. Anchored in India and wedded to traditional values and strong ethics, Tata companies are building multinational businesses that will achieve growth through excellence and innovation, while balancing the interests of shareholders, employees and civil society.

Christian Ethics And Secular Ethical Systems Theology Religion Essay

Christian Ethics And Secular Ethical Systems Theology Religion Essay In this essay, I will enumerate the differences between Christian and secular ethics. The role of theology on ethical decision making will be indicated, along with secular and diverse religious stands on ethical discourses on abortion and divorce. Miscellaneous Christian views which include those of: the Liberals, the Evangelicals and the Neo-orthodox will also be examined. Furthermore, I will explore the implications of the aforementioned ethical issues on interfaith dialogue involving Buddhism and the Abrahamic faiths. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHRISTIAN AND SECULAR ETHICS Ethics is a word that originated from the Greek words: ethikos and ethos which respectively implies custom and character.  [1]  However, Collins dictionary defines ethics as a social, religious, or civil code of behaviour considered correct, especially that of a particular group, profession, or individual.  [2]   I found a clear-cut definition of Christian ethics by Dr Harkness (a professor of applied theology) as the systematic study of the way of life set forth by Jesus Christ applied to the daily demands and decisions of human existence.  [3]  It is the Christians code of conduct derived from the scriptures. While Christian ethics aim is to determine what conforms to Gods character and what does not it is more of a practical entity in comparison with theory oriented Christian theology.  [4]   Conversely, James Bernat in his book, Ethical issues in neurology defines secular ethics as the invention of human rational dialogue that assumes that mankind can create a comprehensive and world-wide structure of morality that is void of religious framework.  [5]  The main approaches to secular ethics are predicated on: reason, experience or moral sense.  [6]   Additionally, secular ethics consists of various models as: utilitarianism, egoism or hedonism, emotivism and cultural relativism.  [7]  These models form the framework for most ethical postulations. I will now examine the contrasts between Christian and secular ethics. A dissimilarity between Christian and secular ethics is that the latter serves as a basis for arriving at moral judgments as it appraises existing customs, while supporting the enactment of laws and policies. Secular ethics are used as a yardstick to evaluate religious doctrines by application of a determined set of moral principles.  [8]  Christian ethics are founded on godly revelations. BASES FOR CHRISTIAN ETHICAL DECISIONS Evangelical Christians base moral ethical decisions on Gods revelation which is from nature itself (the general) or from the scriptures (the special). An example derived from the scriptures is the Ten Commandments in Exodus 21-23. Biblical scholars emphasize that the natural law derived from nature itself is inherent in mankind and it is responsible for doing things right without Biblical guidelines. This is referred to in the book of Romans 2:14-15, where Apostle Paul mentioned the clarity of the human conscience in the decision making mechanism. Similarly, Jesus Christ affirms the same principle when he said men should do unto others what they will have done to themselves, (Matt 7:12). This particular view is upheld by renowned philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Clive Lewis in their writings.  [9]  The application of moral decisions on ethical issues is subject to debate as will be indicated in subsequent paragraphs. SOME ETHICAL ISSUES This range from: abortion, divorce, homosexuality, same sex marriage, war, money, marriage, sexuality, death, forgiveness, euthanasia, business etc. I will be focusing on the ethical theme of abortion and divorce within the: secular, Christian and interfaith discourse. SECULAR VIEWS ON ABORTION Abortion is any artificial means to induce the loss of a pregnancy. An average pregnancy is for forty weeks or nine months. Pregnancy terminated due to natural causes during the first twenty weeks is called a miscarriage, while further than twenty weeks are pre-term delivery.  [10]   Nonetheless, abortion involves the moral choice of the mother, as well as the ethical right of the baby to live. Abortion might be inevitable in: rape, poverty, deformity of baby etc. Abortion supporters see it as a retroactive contraceptive while those against it see it as a little less than prenatal infanticide.  [11]  It has been established that moral justification of abortion is common in the secular world. Under the United Kingdom law (Abortions act 1967); abortion is endorsed within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy as long as certain conditions are fulfilled. It must be in an approved institution, the mother and childs health are considered, and decisions to be made with the consensus of two medical doctors.  [12]   CHRISTIANS ON ABORTION The Liberals are broadminded on abortion, as long as it is done legally and safely.  [13]  The woman has full rights over her own body when it involves the decision to abort or not.  [14]  The Liberals do not deliberate over ethical issues concerning the unborn baby, in contrast to evangelicals position. Evangelical Christians are on strict stand against abortion with scriptural arguments used to portray (babys) life in high esteem. They also support of all social aspects regarding pregnancy care and adoption issues.  [15]  The position of the Neo-orthodox Christians will be examined next. The Neo-Orthodoxy originated from Germany after the First World War when Karl Barth (a protestant theologian) advanced the theology of crisis. It was an era when people were disappointed from most beliefs.  [16]  Neo-Orthodoxy assumes that the scripture can be a faulty human invention, although Gods revelation is continuously present under personal experience.  [17]  Nevertheless, abortion is not allowed except if carried out to protect the pregnant woman. The Christian ethics of divorce will be examined next. CHRISTIAN ETHICS ON DIVORCE Jesus response to the permission given by Moses for the issuance of the bill of divorce to women was followed by the injunction that divorce is a direct covenant-breaking departure from Gods master plan for marriage, (Matt 19:6 Rom 7:2). Jesus also denounces divorce in the dialogue with his disciples in Mark 10: 1-11, while arguments resulting from the exception clause (i.e. Condition for divorce) is interpreted by some scholars in the context to mean fornication established against the wife during the betrothal phase of marriage according to Jewish tradition. Unfortunately, the biblical divorce law interpretation is diverse. Some scholars argue that the exemption clause means adultery which is a leverage to institute divorce. However, a suitable rejoinder is the reaction of the disciples who concluded that it is not advantageous to marry this is interpreted by some Evangelicals as voiding the powers of the husband to divorce a wife under any circumstance, as they are expected to forgive their spouse.  [18]  The ethical issue applicable to the Old Testament bill of divorce allowed by Moses is that the Bill is meant to protect the women from the frivolity of men, so that they can re-marry rather than be outcasts. Some Evangelicals justified grounds for divorce to be desertion (by either spouse) and evidence of physical abuse against the wife. There is also a Pauline privilege in (1st Corinthians 7:15) which allows a believing wife to be free from an unbelieving husband who wants a divorce. There are resultant Christian ethical debates concerning the modalities of the freedom, whether it allows re-marrying or remaining single till death. Contrastingly, Liberal Christians see the scriptural dialogues on divorce as being applicable to the historical contexts of their various times, hence divorce is permitted according to the merit of each case. Marriage characterized with physical abuse is seen as a marriage pledge violation, whereby divorce is granted.  [19]  The American inception of no fault divorce regulation in the 1960s and 1970s weakened the marriage institution, as spouses obtained divorces against their partners wish. Similarly, despite independence from the secular laws of the day, liberal Christians amidst their objective application of divorce laws was criticized for being pro-secular because of contractual approaches used instead of covenant obligation by some Christians.  [20]  The Neo-orthodox view turned out to be permissive. Neo-Orthodox Christians are permissive due to their existential system which sees Bible precepts as only relevant to the culture of when they were admonished; hence they could not be categorically applied to our times. Therefore they established no ethical grounds for opposing divorce.  [21]   THE ABRAHAMIC FAITHS AND INTERFAITH DIALOGUE The Abrahamic faith is used to make reference to Judaism, Christianity, Islam and other religions that trace their spiritual culture back to Abraham.  [22]  The platform which religions and cultures meet to exchange views for better understanding of each other is called the interfaith dialogue. The dialogue was prompted by the WCC (World Council of Churches) in 1961, when fledgling Asian Churches needed to coexist with diverse Asian religions.  [23]   Fundamentally, the existence of diverse social issues such as universal poverty has prompted the study and use of ethical approaches to interfaith dialogues. Examples are medical and economic ethics.  [24]  The Medical ethical considerations are evoked in several issues like Euthanasia, Abortion, Ecology, DNA researches etc. I will be examining the Islamic laws on abortion the next. ISLAMIC FAITH ON ABORTION AND DIVORCE Islamic faith which is based on the Quran and the leadership of Prophet Mohammed is guided by five pillars of faith, of which two are: faith in one God and at least one pilgrimage to Mecca. Other admonitions require taking care of orphans, prisoners and desisting from: adultery, unfair business practices and unwarranted killings.  [25]  Some Muslims prohibit abortion. The area of ethical contention is the actual time soul is given to a formed foetus. This is termed ensoulment which some Muslims take as 16 weeks into the pregnancy. However, abortion performed prior to the completion of 16th week is accepted if the health of the mother is endangered or if the baby is under the threat of mental or physical malformation. Another consideration is if the well-being of the family is not going to be properly sustained because of the child.  [26]  The Islamic religion takes abortion as being immoral in view the revered value of life as indicated in Surah 17:31 which states that: Slay not your Childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.killing of them is a great sin. Nevertheless, an Islamic consequentialism holds the mother answerable to the aborted child at judgement day; this is supported by verses from Surah 81, verses 7-14.  [27]  Surah is a supportive reference in Islam. Abortion applied to pre-marital pregnancy is allowed because the sin of having a child out of wedlock is considered worse than abortion.  [28]   Concerning divorce, Islam encourages the termination of irreconcilable marriages in good faith rather than co-existence of spouses in bitterness. There is an injunction for settling differences through relatives of spouses. Nevertheless, where this mediation fails then divorce can be instituted, (Quran 4:35). Mubarat is the term used to describe mutually divorce by couples without court proceedings. Procedures called fasakh or Khula are based on the initiation of divorce by the woman. However, talaq (meaning to separate) is used to denote the divorce instigated by the husband. This can be done without much official protocols but must be verbalized or documented.  [29]  The traditional laws of the Jews will be examined next. JUDAISM ON ABORTION AND DIVORCE Judaism as practiced by the Jews precedes Christianity which became distinct in the first Century at the time when Apostle Paul and Peter had contentions with the Jews. The Bible book of Acts Chapter 15, recorded the deviations of the gentiles from the Law of Moses. This caused an argument about the acceptance of uncircumcised Gentiles into the community of believers. Some scholars take the advent of Judaism to be the Biblical time of Abraham while others choose the time of Moses.  [30]   Nonetheless, two out of the many beliefs of Judaism are as follows: 1) God made a covenant with his people (the Hebrews) through Moses which is the Ten Commandments. 2) Abrahams offspring are to be the ideal model for all nations to emulate in preparation for the coming of the future Messiah who will rule the world in harmony and fairness.  [31]   In similarity to the Islamic faith, high regard is given to the value of life, but the safety of the pregnant woman remains paramount. Nevertheless, the law of Judaism on abortion assumes the insignificance of fertilized egg cells until the 40th day of pregnancy when it is taken as part of the womans body. Judaism allows abortion within the first 40 days of pregnancy but does not permit it thereafter, till full term. Judaism ethically upholds that the foetus is a part of the human body that must not be damaged.  [32]  The Jewish law allows sanction of persons who cause miscarriage due to a physical strife that involve pregnant women. Furthermore, intended abortion on an advance pregnancy that threatens the mother in any circumstances would have to be undoubtedly established. The baby is literally considered as trying to kill the mother, in which case severing the limbs of the baby and other similar acts is allowed to save the mother. A critical aspect of applying the abortion law by the Rabbis (who are in charge of the Judaism laws) is the equal importance given to the life of the baby and the mother at the moment the babys head is on the way out of the mother.  [33]   The issues of divorce cannot be addressed without talking about the marriage tradition of the Jews. Judaism upholds the sanctity and integrity of marriage to such an extent that the Talmud (sacred writings) states that even the altar sheds tears during separation of couples. Although formal grounds for divorce do not exist, it is recognized that some circumstances make it inevitable. The divorce is predicated on the agreement of the couple and it involves documentation called the get which is the certificate of divorce. There are no hindrances placed against divorced couples who want to get back together in marriage. However priests are prohibited from marrying a divorcee. The certificate of divorce (the get) specially written by a scribe (in the presence of a judge) is traditionally kept by the woman, and must be made available whenever she wants to re-marry. In modern times the rabbinic courts keep the get and issue the woman with a certificate in place of it. There is a serious ethical issue that the woman cannot re-marry if there is no evidence of the death of her husband. This situation is called Agunah, which implies that the woman is bound to the husband. It is generally expected that anyone who breaches divorce conditions are not allowed to be integrated into the Jewish community.  [34]   BUDHISM ON ABORTION AND DIVORCE This religion has its origin from India in the 6th Century with Siddhartha Gautama (Known as Buddha, the enlightened one). Buddhism is a spiritual way of life rather than a religion. Beliefs range from non-existence of a deity and that all things are being constantly transformed, hence the belief in re-incarnation, decency, understanding and reflection.  [35]   Over 300 million Buddhists worldwide have no doctrinal guidance on abortion. They however believe in re-incarnation which stands against abortion, therefore consider it ethically wrong, although not too keen on its total prohibition by law. Nevertheless, another Buddhist expectation is the decision of abortion to be exclusively that of the pregnant woman. In Japan abortion is rampant and there is a post abortion ceremony called Mizuko kuyo done by Buddhist priest to assist women in recovering from the after effect of abortion.  [36]  The following paragraph will cover the Buddhist view on divorce. Buddhism does not see marriage as a core religious matter. They view non-entanglement with basic family life as a path to greater levels of monkish Buddhist practice, rather than the low-grade lay position where one is free to raise a family. An example was set by the Buddha himself at 29 years of age when he left his family to remain celibate till the end of his life.  [37]   Buddhist tenets support moral chastity where marriages remain intact for the sake of the children. Separated couples are encouraged to re-unite. The man who chooses celibate life must renounce his wife so that she is free to remarry  [38]  . CONCLUSION Worldwide moral laws made from the Ten Commandments are somewhat entrenched in most religions and secular regulations  [39]  . Needless to say that ethics imparted through religion will have most impact on religious peoples behaviour. I discovered from my findings that most religions have some kind of diversity based on ethical principles (such as hedonism and consequentialism) considered in creating the creed of their subdivisions. Just as the Christians views vary, so is the specific application of certain tenets of the Abrahamic faiths in various countries. These variations are also present in the Buddhist faith where disparities in India, Japan and other countries are considered. All facts point to the use of ethical principles to determine religious creeds. The same fact is applicable to the current trend in interfaith dialogues such that participants unavoidably approach most themes brought forward, within the framework of ethical agendas. This has created awareness for the study of ethics by those already equipped with vast knowledge of their faiths.