The Article, The Land Ethic

While wading through the reserved reading in the library, I came across the article, â€Å"The Land Ethic†, which caught my eye, as well as sparked an interest deep within me. It revealed the idea that we, as humans, tend to be quite caught up in the idea of community; community between neighbors, co-workers, etc. seems to be something we strive for in our society. It seems that we have not integrated the land into our idea of community, and I feel that this is a serious problem that if not treated, will continue to grow and strive until the land turns into the â€Å"dead nothing† many people of today†s society feel it to be. I had been put face to face with the fact that I was one of those careless and self-involved members of our race. Having never thought of the concept of â€Å"land ethics†, I realized that it is very likely that many other people have yet to know of it either. This is a present conservation problem which worries me more than I have ever thought a simple article could be able to do to me. As the author of this revelation piece, Aldo Leopold (1966), stated in his article, that we need to change our â€Å"human role from conqueror, to a member of the land community†. This is vital for the future existence of an Earth that is habitable and non-toxic. Many people claim that they have ethics in their work place, or in general life practices. I have yet, however, had the pleasure of seeing many people proclaiming their ethics about the treatment of this planet. I have yet to see a serious and unwavering campaign to stop placing ourselves so high up the evolutionary ladder that the fate of the world we live in, will eventually crumble, as will our race and every other animal along with us. Michael Soule stated in his article, â€Å"What is Conservation Biology†(1985), that we cannot change the past, but we can modify the rate at which our land and species are being destroyed. Although in recent years, we have seen more legal responses toward conservation issues, such as establishments of national parks, our attempts are not being fully developed due to the lack of education. Although there is some level of awareness of the vandalism we are acting out onto our earth, there is less being said to members of our society on what they can do to reverse, change, or slow down the process of destruction. How can this be changed? This issue needs a bigger voice in today†s media. It is seen as something that, if we forget, may go away. This is simply causing the situation to worsen. The longer it takes for society to accept the land as part of their community, the longer the land will be destroyed, and the more difficult it will be to heal. As each generation passes, our technology and research continues to grow, and find more problems facing our land; things are not getting any better as time moves on. A possible addition to the small amount of education currently being done in this country, is the teaching of basic conservation science classes in elementary school; maybe if we start now, their generation will be brought up to mother the earth that has nurtured them. Other helpful additions include the passing of new city ordinances which would make it mandatory that businesses recycle, and teaching farmers alternative ways to take care of their crops, such as using bats instead of pesticides to keep insects off of their plants. Each culture responds differently to the problems our world is facing. Each generation is hopefully one step closer to saving this planet. We, as the human race, need to adopt the idea of cooperating with our land, rather than competing in a free for all game of greed and ownership towards it (Leopold, 1966). More education, a louder and more permanent voice in the media, and more legal regulations will hopefully further our ability to right the wrongs that have been done to our earth. With time we may be able to save our planet and the animals which inhabit it, including ourselves.

Quality Management-Toyota Essay

This paper explores multiple published articles discussing Toyota Motor Company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A review of Toyota’s decisions to hide important information prior to recalls leads us to a discussion of where Toyota can go from here. The paper includes recommendations for Toyota Motor Company in order to move forward after their 2010 recalls. In addition, organizational changes will assist Toyota Motor Company in overcoming their recall problems. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 3 Quality Management within Toyota Motor Company After a number of discouraging recalls at Toyota Motor Company in 2010, a number of quality management techniques were implemented. Toyota Motor Company’s SWOT Analysis played into the newly implemented quality management techniques. Toyota’s strengths allowed them to fight back quickly against these recalls that could have ultimately led to Toyota’s fall from one of the top motor company’s. Toyota Motor Company’s strengths include dominant position in the marketplace, strong brand recognition, strong focus on research and development, and broad production and distribution network. In addition to Toyota’s strengths, their weaknesses were reviewed in order to find opportunities to capitalize upon. The recalls were obviously a large weakness at Toyota. Opportunities were reviewed which included the growth of the global automotive industry. Last, Toyota’s threats were reviewed. Here it was found that powerful competition is a worry for Toyota Motor Company. After the review of Toyota Motor Company’s SWOT Analysis, the issue of the recalls was assessed. Analysis shows the issue within Toyota Motor Company did not appear overnight. However, secretive management styles let the company astray. A diagram was created by functional area to summarize how Toyota has responded to these recall problems. The functional areas reviewed include management, production design and safety, quality, and manufacturing. Last, the analysis of Toyota Motor Company’s recall and quality management issues are discussed from a point of solving the problem. Recommendations are discussed that will help Toyota Motor Company to turn their weaknesses into strengths. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 4 Method Discussion SWOT Analysis Internal Factors Strengths Weaknesses Product †¢ Dominant position in the marketplace †¢ Strong brand recognition †¢ Strong focus on Research & Development †¢ Broad production and distribution network. †¢ Product recalls have the ability to negatively affect brand image †¢ Declining sales in crucial geographic areas External Factors Opportunities Threats Competition †¢ Growth of the global automotive industry †¢ Potential benefit from partnering with BMW †¢The outlook for the new global car market is strong †¢ Powerful competition †¢ Appreciation of the Japanese Yen †¢ Environmental regulations †¢Natural disasters Strengths. Toyota has a number of internal product strengths as noted in the SWOT Analysis table above. Toyota’s market share in 2011 was 16. 5 percent, its highest market share in 4 years. This strong market share allowed Toyota to hold a competitive advantage against their competition. In addition to holding a dominant position in the marketplace, Toyota possesses strong brand recognition through a number of brands. These brands include Toyota, Lexus, Prius, Corolla, Yaris, Camry, Sequoia, 4Runner, Scion tC, Highlander, Land Cruiser, and a number of other brand names. These brands are some of the most desired premium brands in the world according to the Company Profile report for Toyota Motor Company documented by MarketLine. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 5 Another strength of Toyota is their strong attention to research and development. According to the Company Profile report, Toyota’s focus on research and development is pointed towards the creation of new and improved products. Research and development operations are conducted at 14 facilities located around the world. This strength has allowed Toyota to increase the technology included in existing products. One of these products, a Pre-collision System (PCS) helps drivers avoid collisions. Overall, the strong focus on research and development has been a big strength for Toyota. Last, Toyota’s production and distribution network has been a big strength for the company. Toyota produces automobiles, related parts, and other components through more than 50 manufacturing companies throughout 27 countries and regions, not including Japan. As mentioned on the Toyota Motor Company website, major locations include Japan, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Turkey, Thailand, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, South Africa, Australia, Argentina, and Brazil. As reported by Toyota Motor Company, during fiscal year 2013 the company had consolidated vehicle sales totals of 8. 871 million units (TCM, 2013). As reported by Toyota Motor Company, this was an increase of 1. 519 million units compared to the previous fiscal year. In addition to the widespread production of Toyota products, the company has a large distribution network. Toyota’s distribution network is one of the largest in Japan encompassing four sales channels (Toyota, Toyopet, Corolla, and Netz). In 2012 the distribution network of these channels was comprised of 283 dealers. In addition to this network, Toyota operates over 170 Lexus sales channels in Japan. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 6 As reported by Toyota Motor Company, in fiscal year 2013 these networks accounted for the following vehicle sales: †¢JAPAN SALES TOTALED 2. 279 MILLION UNITS †¢IN NORTH AMERICA VEHICLE SALES TOTALED 2. 469 MILLION UNITS †¢IN EUROPE VEHICLE SALES TOTALED 799,085 UNITS †¢ASIA CAME IN AT TOTAL VEHICLE SALES OF 1. 684 MILLION UNITS †¢CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, OCEANIA AND AFRICA CAME IN AT 1. 640 MILLION UNITS As you can see, Toyota’s distribution network is widespread allowing for diversification and a wide reach of clientele, ultimately boosting revenues and sales. Weaknesses. A large focus of the case study focuses on the weakness of Toyota’s product recalls. As many are aware, Toyota has encountered a number of recalls in the recent past. It is a concern that these recalls could negatively affect Toyota’s brand imagine ultimately leading to decreased sales for the company. When searching for Toyota recalls it was easy to find a few recent recalls. The most recent is a recall of 700,000 Toyota Prius models which were recalled over electronic issues in the United States (csmonitor. com, 2014). Another very recent recall includes certain versions of the Lexus RX crossover. In this case, more than 261,000 vehicles are being recalled due to a brake issue (csmonitor. com, 2014). In addition to the many recalls, Toyota has been involved in a number of lawsuits. In December 2012, Toyota settled a suit by paying $17. 4 million to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to settle claims related to the June 2012 recall of potential accelerator pedal entrapment issues. This bad press will ultimately result in a negative effect on consumer’s confidence in Toyota’s brand. In addition, the settlement of suits ultimately decreases Toyota’s QUALITY MANAGEMENT 7 profits. As a result of this bad press Toyota saw a decline in 2012 sales in important geographic areas. Declining sales in fiscal year 2012 were seen across North America, Asia, and Europe. Opportunities. As reported by the article, Global automotive industry to experience modest growth in 2012, a number of opportunities exist in the global automotive industry (2012). The Japanese auto industry responded from natural disasters which had caused reduced inventories and production. It is forecasted that the industry will continue to grow increasing Toyota revenues. In June of 2012, BMW and Toyota signed a long-term partnership. The two companies are partnering on the developments that will help to increase market share and sales. This relationship is expected to increase technology between the two companies as well as result in new product development. In addition to these opportunities, the new car market is experiencing moderate growth which will assist in increased sales and profits. Threats. Intense competition in the worldwide car market has become very competitive. This competition will likely increase in the upcoming years as competitors add more technology and increase developments. In addition to the intense competition, the appreciating Japanese Yen has become a big concern for Toyota. Last, environment regulations have the potential to increase production costs. Emissions regulations that are updated periodically could cause issues in new car production. Evolvement of Quality Management Issues At first glance, it seems that Toyota’s gas pedal issue appeared overnight. However, upon further research, evidence was found to prove the opposite. As reported in the article Secretive Culture Let Toyota Astray, evidence that Toyota cars could suddenly speed up had been piling up for years (2010). At the time of the recalls, Toyota had known about this gas QUALITY MANAGEMENT 8 pedal problem for more than a year. The problem was stated to be Toyota’s secretive corporate culture in Japan which ultimately conflicted with United States requirements that auto makers disclose safety threats. New initiatives brought to the table by Toyota have attempted to correct the previous secretive culture of Toyota. Total quality management initiatives have been put in place to assist in better customer service and safety and repair issues. According to Jacobs and Chase, total quality management can be defined as managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer (Chase and Jacobs, 2014, p. 296). The table following this discussion addresses the steps Toyota has taken in response to its recent quality recall problems. Functional Area Quality Management Steps Management †¢ Managing Director names to oversee any safety-related issues †¢ Top down management approach Product Design & Safety †¢ Troubleshooting teams known as Swift Market Analysis Response Teams work to find any safety issues that need to be reported Quality †¢ TAQIC – Toyota Advanced Quality Information Center staffed by a group of employees who compile repair reports from dealerships worldwide †¢ 1000 engineers hired to spot-check quality Manufacturing †¢ No drastic changes to assembly lines QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9 Results/Discussion Problem Solution As discussed in the diagram above, there were many opportunities for Toyota after their encounter with the recall situation. Akio Toyoda, the head of the company, acted quickly by implementing a top down management approach instead of the more popular Japanese â€Å"bottom up† approach that slows down the decision making. In addition, Akio cut board of directors by fifty percent and cut out management layers. Akio also began meeting with his top five advisers on a weekly basis. In these meetings decisions were made quickly. Akio pushed his team to make â€Å"always better cars. † This change in the way the organization is managed helped Toyota to stay on top even through the recalls. Recommendations Many recommendations have been made to assist Toyota Motor Company in improving the recall situation they encountered in 2011. Some recommendations Toyota should follow include as recommended by the North American Quality Advisory Panel include the following: †¢GIVE NORTH AMERICAN OPERATIONS MORE INDEPENDENCE IN MAKING RECALL DECISIONS †¢STRENGTHEN QUALITY CONTROL PROCESSES †¢EXTEND DEVELOPMENT TIME OF NEW PRODUCTS TO INCLUDE MORE SAFETY TESTS †¢CREATE A ROLE OF CHIEF SAFETY TECHNOLOGY OFFICER. †¢CREATE AND LAUNCH A SAFETY RESEARCH CENTER FOCUSED ON PROTECTING THE MOST IMPORTANT clientele (children, teens, and seniors) QUALITY MANAGEMENT 10 These ideas follow the concept of total quality management which focuses on two fundamental goals: †¢CAREFUL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT (IN THE CASE OF TOYOTA MOTOR COMPANY, THE VEHICLE) †¢ENSURE THAT TOYOTA MOTOR COMPANY SYSTEMS CAN PRODUCE THIS DESIGN IN A CONSISTENT manner Quality at the source seems to be a great way for Toyota Motor Company to proceed. Quality at the source means that the person who is doing the work is taking the responsibility for making sure the work meets specifications. As previously discussed, safety control will be a huge initiative for Toyota Motor Company going forward. If implemented, these recommendations can do a lot to help Toyota Motor Company increase their organizational effectiveness. As previously discussed, many organizational steps were taken by Akio Toyoda after these recalls. It seems that Toyota could greatly benefit from organizational learning. As stated by Operations and Supply Chain Management, â€Å"it has been argued that organizational learning is critical to sustaining a competitive advantage† (Chase and Jacobs, 2014, p. 138). Organizational realignment was important to Toyota Motor Company after the 2010 and 2011 recalls. According to a Toyota news release in December of 2008 organizational changes include the establishment of the below: QUALITY MANAGEMENT 11 †¢A GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS GROUP WHICH WAS FOCUSED ON QUICK RESPONSE TO inquiries from around the world while also unifying public affairs functions. †¢AN ACCOUNTING GROUP AIMED AT STRENGTHENING THE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL management system of Toyota Motor Company. †¢A EUROPE AND AFRICA OPERATIONS GROUP INTENDED TO ASSIST WITH BUSINESS PLANNING IN African and Central Asia. The group was also established to conduct business promotion events in both Europe and Africa. †¢A PRODUCTION ENGINEERING GROUP AIMED AT INCREASING THE STRENGTH OF THE QUALITY control system for semiconductors for hybrid vehicles. The recommendations made are important to Toyota’s future. Reorganization and creation of new groups within the organization will help Toyota to overcome these recalls. QUALITY MANAGEMENT 12 References Ingram, A. (2014, Feb 12). Toyota recall: 1. 9 million Prius vehicles recalled to fix software glitch. Retrieved from http://www. csmonitor. com/Business/In-Gear/2014/0212/Toyota-recall-1. 9-million-Prius-vehicles-recalled-to-fix-software-glitch Jacobs, F. R. , & Chase, R. (2014). Operations and supply chain management. (14 ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Lassa, T. (Feb, 2012). U. s. market share for the top five automakers. Retrieved from http://www. motortrend. com/features/auto_news/2011/1202_u_s_markets_share_for_the_ top_five_automakers/ Linebaugh, K. , Searcey , D. , & Shirouzu, N. (Feb, 2010 08). Secretive culture led toyota astray. Retrieved from http://online. wsj. com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704820904575055733096312238 ? mod=WSJ_hpp_LEADNewsCollection&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online. wsj. com/artic le/SB10001424052748704820904575055733096312238. html? mod=WSJ_hpp_LEADNewsCollection Marketline. (2013, Jan). Toyota motor corporation swot analysis. Retrieved from http://web. a. ebscohost. com. library3. webster. edu/ehost/detail? vid=4&sid=6ef29150-7574-461b-8281-afd6e7a8edf6@sessionmgr4001&hid=4212&bdat a=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ== Ridley , G. (2012, Jan 06). Global automotive industry to experience modest growth in 2012. Retrieved from QUALITY MANAGEMENT 13 http://www. ey. com/GL/en/Newsroom/News-releases/Global-automotive-industry-to-exp erience-modest-growth-in-2012 Taylor, A. (2012, Feb 27). Toyota’s comeback kid. Fortune, 165(3), 72-79. Retrieved from http://web. b. ebscohost. com. library3. webster. edu/ehost/detail? sid=51dc3e8b-84d1-4dcd-85bf-3342162ffef8@sessionmgr110&vid=1&hid=126&bdata= JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ TMC. (2013, May 08). TMC announces year-end financial results for fiscal year ended march 31, 2013. Retrieved from http://www2. toyota. co. jp/en/news/13/05/0508_1. html Voss, M. (2011, May 23). Toyota receives recommendations from north american quality advisory panel. Retrieved from http://corporatenews. pressroom. toyota. com/releases/toyota receives recommendations north american quality advisory panel. htm.

Leading Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leading Change - Essay Example The organizations culture was a fouled up one whereby the plants of the firm competed against each another. Eitel felt that there was need to overhaul the organization’s culture. The only way to do this was by setting up change in all the people throughout the organization by spending 10 Million on a very new philosophy called â€Å"Great Game of Life†. The main target of the philosophy was to come up with an environment whereby employees felt that they were indeed making a difference, having fun and in an environment where they were free in making decisions. The philosophy’s use was to train, develop and experiential experience through inclusion of a ropes course, training in classrooms in order to reinvent the company and build it to a better company. He believed that there was magic when people working together share their ideas, truths and beliefs concerning issues in the company. The main target of Eitel was to help employees learn how to think in new better ways, take crge and have fun while executing their duties. His philosophy focused on changing the behavior of employees and working environment to an environment that led to job satisfaction. Free sharing of ideas targeted building up an innovative and creative organization resulting from effective communication in the company. The premise of â€Å"Great Game of Life† was that for every profitable business to grow; customers’ satisfaction with the firm’s products is high, the employees are cooperative, innovative, creative, satisfied with their work and committed to the tasks assigned to them. In addition, the culture of the business and the leadership system empowers and motivates the workforce. By applying all the above mentioned requirements of a successful business, the firm started growing dramatically and its market share increased increasing the sales of the company making the company very profitable. The leadership system of the firm changed and the

World War ll Through the1970's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World War ll Through the1970's - Essay Example These decades witnessed widespread economic and political changes, which shaped America’s gender dynamics and civil rights conditions. Though there are numerous major events during this time, this paper focuses on the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan and Rosa Park’s refusal to give up her bus seat for a white man. This paper reviews several important historical landmarks and their effects on modern American society, economy, politics, and culture. It also explores America’s reluctance to join World War II, the role that women played to win World War II, changes in civil rights after World War II, the effect of the Vietnam War on the political awareness of American youth, and the impact of President Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society† program on modern times. These events demonstrated that World War II and other influential individuals helped promote social inequity, as well as economic and political development, in America.... Wars cost millions to billions of dollars, not counting the lives lost in the process, so Americans thought it best not to engage in a new war, as it dabs on its economic and psychological post-World War I wounds. World War II depicted the military and technological skills of the U.S., specifically after it dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, because it not only ended this war, but sealed the fate of the U.S. as the new superpower of the world. On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and on August 9, another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. On August 15, Japan surrendered to the Allies and signed the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, which officially ended World War II. The bombings resulted in post-war agreements that banned nuclear armament development. Scholars disagree on whether the atomic bombs truly forced Japan to hastily capitulate to the Allies, although the Office of the Historian (2012) and Freedman and Dockrill (2004) argued that these bombs shocked Japan into surrendering. The effects of the atomic bombing affected how Americans see nuclear weapons. For some Americans, the destruction of Japan through the atomic bombs sparked fear, not only against nuclear proliferation, but also against the media and the government, who have been increasingly charged of manipulating facts to support their political agenda (Jowett & O’Donnell, 2012, p.171). Despite the social pattern of distrust, it cannot be denied that World War II boosted the economy of the U.S. During the war, federal spending increased by $72 billion (Schug et al., 1993, p.192). Industries related to the war flourished, including steel, aluminum, copper, and rubber industries.

The Economics of Airlines and airport Case Study

The Economics of Airlines and airport - Case Study Example It was approved by the Government on the basis of figures that were provided by Oxford Economic Forecasting in two reports commissioned by the aviation industry, and which projected economic benefit to the UK of 5 billion pounds over a period of 70 years (BBC report). The benefits from the use of all existing runways before expansion was estimated to be 6.7 billion pounds, with costs being 1.9 billion pounds and net benefits being 4.9 billion pounds.(Dept of T, 2003). Estimated investments made into Heathrow were 3599 million in the last ten years, with projected investments over the next ten years being 6398 million, with a net economic contribution of 5 billion pounds to the economy(www.heathrowairport.com). In the graph above, Series 1 represents the total benefits of the construction, Series 2 represents the costs associated with the construction, while Series 3 represents the new benefits of the construction. The Government finally commissioned one new terminal at Heathrow airport, which has just become functional and this expansion was justified on the basis of the projected gains of 5 billion pounds. ... Estimated investments made into Heathrow were 3599 million in the last ten years, with projected investments over the next ten years being 6398 million, with a net economic contribution of 5 billion pounds to the economy(www.heathrowairport.com). However, with the expansion of Heathrow airport to include one additional terminal, the economic benefits were projected as follows: (Source: DT, 2003). In the graph above, Series 1 represents the total benefits of the construction, Series 2 represents the costs associated with the construction, while Series 3 represents the new benefits of the construction. The Government finally commissioned one new terminal at Heathrow airport, which has just become functional and this expansion was justified on the basis of the projected gains of 5 billion pounds. The arguments that have been advanced suggest that an expansion of Heathrow through the additional terminal will contribute to better management of passenger traffic and provide effective transportation with other European airports, which are emerging as attractive destinations (www.stopheathrowexpansion.com). But a Report on the Heathrow expansion questions whether it is really necessary and concludes that the competitiveness of the airport will not necessarily be impacted negatively without it (www.stopheathrowexpansion.com). Social and Environmental aspects The Department of Transport in 2000, produced forecasts for air traffic and according to this, there are likely to be 400 million passengers per

Integrated Marketing Communications Campaign Assignment

Integrated Marketing Communications Campaign - Assignment Example ice controls productions and merchandise operations while 800 factories are functional across Asia and Europe which function on the principles of horizontal labor. (Giertz & Keller 2012) Furthermore, Alexander Wang is a fashion designer known for urban wear and has worked on various well renowned brands over the years. The most successful project includes Balenciaga Fall-winter 2013 line which she handled as the Creative Director for the company. Currently, she is engaged in the H&M fashion line which has stirred enough excitement in the fashion industry. Given the communications and advertising strategies of the era, she is herself involved with the marketing campaign where she is also contributing in her personal space as well. The line is utilizing social media as well as other engaging campaigns to appeal to a wider audience as a trend setting brand. (Forbes) The current integrated marketing campaign readily got spiced up due to its affiliation with Alexander Wang, so much so that people had been looking forward to the launch long before the actual launch. Activation events have also been a common tool to generate excitement about the collection, for instance, the launch event at Coachella Music. Also, the look book was launched six months after the launch event, however, it was announced that the pieces were to be revealed only in November (Refinery29 2014). Furthermore, Wang herself instigated a rigorous campaign over Instagram where almost the entire line was launched over Instagram. Wang was intuitive enough and she demonstrated marketing intelligence by posting Rihanna`s casual debut line and keeping the audience in a mystery in terms of how the H&M line would be. Also, her hashtag #ALEXANDERWANGXHM has been quite popular on twitter. The success of the campaign may also be assessed from the fans line up for hours in Toronto to purch ase the collection, while only a few got their hands on the collection (Toronto City News 2014). Thus, most of the frenzy

Work in the Nursing Profession Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Work in the Nursing Profession - Case Study Example Most of the older people have multiple pathologies or diagnoses, but more often many symptoms are erroneously attributed to the older age, and no single cause should be ignored since it may lead to catastrophic consequences. With this background, the case history of Molly can be analyzed further to answer the questions related to her present illness. This 80-year-old widow for 2 years lives alone in her own house and is currently finding it very difficult to stay there. She has a large family of six children, all of whom are married, and although close to them, she is now finding it difficult to adjust. She had a chance of outing with these grandchildren, but their play and noise recently is falling on her nerves. It may be due to irritability due to some other reason. With the outing being brought to an end, she has been rendered more home bound. At home, she enjoys her television and garden, although it is doubtful as to how much gardening she can do herself. Medically, she is under care of her primary care physician for last 40 years, and her medications include prescription medications for arthritis, asthma, and heart problems. She has arthritis in almost all of her joints, and an aggravation of this problem and the pain associated with it has led to her increased consumption of over-the-counter pain relief medications and h eartburn medications. Moreover, the arthritis has aggravated to an extent that she needs to use walking stick, and her exercise has almost come to an end leading to restriction in mobility and gain in weight. She could manage to go to the local chemist for vitamins commuting in a bus, but that now seems improbable. Over the top of it recently, she does not seem to be able to manage her accounts efficiently. Many a times recently, she went shopping without money, and this forgetfulness has been noticed by the family members, and she gets irritated when somebody mentions this to her. Social contacts constricting, she has thus been left with her pastimes of reading, gardening, and television watching. In this admission, she had a fall in her garden leading to facial injury and hematoma and fracture neck of femur on the right hand side making a case for surgical procedure and acute hospital admission. It is expected that she would recover soon and be discharged home in a dependent condi tion needing home health assistance and care. She is not open to having someone unknown coming to her house and caring for her. Molly would need community care, and before instituting care, an assessment is necessary. One of her most important problems from the community care point of view is her recent confusion and intellectual failure making her dependent on others. Falls are comparatively recent additions to her condition that makes her vulnerable and dependent on others needing adjustments or constant watch. His prolonged arthritis would have led to contracture deformities in most of her joints restricting her mobility further die to loss of range of motion and painful joint conditions over the top of her age-related hypertension and onset of dementia. Her immobility predisposes her to many complications such as falls that has occurred, urinary incontinence, infections, pressure sores, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, and the care that would be planned in the community level would need sharp attention to prevent these (Carmody and Forster, 2003, 1-11). This lady has thus all, impairment,

Masculinity and Violence in Fight Club and Drowning Tucson Essay

Masculinity and Violence in Fight Club and Drowning Tucson - Essay Example However, when â€Å"a generation of men† is raised by women, there is no â€Å"male example† (Palahniuk 50) to follow and males only have that urge for liberalization and the need to ascertain their masculinity. One can see that the Tyler in Fight Club is the real macho man who tries to struggle away from the feminized Narrator, or, in other words, Tyler is the real male self of the Narrator. In fact, what Palahniuk points out and what the reader feels is that real masculinity involves surplus aggressiveness and sexual and emotional desires. In the real society, most males are forced to employ surplus repression to look civilized. Thus, there are institutions of male bonding which offer them a way to unleash this hidden aggression in the safest possible way. They engage in fist fight in such institutions and enjoy a sense of power. In the novel, the Narrator is a person who has lost his sense of manhood. He does not have a name, lives alone, and is unable to make health y relations with others. This extreme pain and alienation makes the real man in him struggle away and become Tyler who wants to become the leader of the â€Å"space monkeys† (Palahniuk 132).... The more comfortable the Narrator becomes with Marla, the more detached he gets with the destructive plans made by Tyler. Finally, by the time he admits he likes her, the Narrator is in total contradiction with Tyler, and eliminates him (Palahniuk 15). However, the men who are still isolated continue demanding the return of the anarchic Tyler. At least the Narrator realizes Marla is not the reason behind anarchy. Thus, one can see that there are various factors Palahniuk tries to point out as the reasons behind violence. The first one is the lack of role models of maleness for the new generation which is often brought up in a feminized society. The feminist era took away everything that is good as the virtues of femaleness and men of the post-feminist period were left with nothing more than mere ambiguity regarding masculinity and parenting (Palahniuk 141). The second important factor is the ‘homophobia’ developed by men in a patriarchal society. It is admitted facts tha t many hate crimes occur as a result of doubts over sexual orientation. In Fight Club, the Narrator gives Angel Face a severe beating to see that his beauty is reduced because the Narrator hates the favoritism Tayler shows towards him. (Palahniuk 96) Evidently, males have their own ways of measuring masculinity. To illustrate, in Fight Club, it is seen that the ability to conquer a woman is an important aspect of deciding ones maleness. As a result, there is a kind of rift between males that arises out of this competition to win women, and in the novel, there is a great degree of tension between Tayler and the Narrator in this regard. (Palahniuk 113) Thus, it becomes evident that men’s lives are structured around aggressiveness and power relations. The highly phallic notion of masculinity

San Fransisco Fires Essay Example for Free

San Fransisco Fires Essay On April 18, 1906 an earthquake hit San Francisco. Jack London a local reporter opened the world’s eyes as to what happened to not only the city but the people affected. In detail Jack London observed and witnessed the tragic events of the earthquake that resulted in the city of San Francisco crumbling and burning into the ground. London used very descriptive use of words to give the reader a real sense of the dramatic reality of the destruction of San Francisco. Jack London was the first on the scene. He got a telegraph from Colliers that San Francisco just had an earthquake. Jack only lived forty miles away so he got there in no time. Once he arrived in San Francisco he realized the dramatic reality of the earth quake first hand. He shared this experience of the earth quake to the readers throughout his writing. He wrote about the event, how the fire destroyed the city bit by bit. Right away he captured the reader and brought them to the scene of the event when he wrote, the smoke of San Francisco’s burning was a lurid tower visible a hundred miles away. He continues throughout his article in Colliers to capture the readers’ imagination and help them to visualize what really happened. Londons vivid use of descriptive words helped this event in history to really come alive for all , past and present, who have read his account. If anyone had any doubts as to the events and amount of destruction of the city of San Francisco they didn’t when they were done reading Londons in-depth description. He writes, the whole city crashed and roared into ruin,[it] was a quiet night. Here we come to the understanding of the total devastation that occurred and the feel for the atmosphere in which it happened. The reader truly feels like he is on the scene with Jack London but does not have to be in harms way to experience the event. In the article London goes on to describe in great detail all he saw and heard. He brings us right into the heart of the city, where there is a chilling calm. Everything looks fine, just deserted. Then his account talks of ash raining down all around the abandoned buildings. Again Londons use of vivid language brings the reader right to the scene. Jack Londons account of the San Francisco earthquake in Colliers on May 5, 1906 did a great job at informing the nation and all that read the article as to not only the events but also the feel for the event. He brings the reader there; he becomes our eyes and ears. London was a great writer and his use for vivid language is amazing.

Christian Iconography Essay Example for Free

Christian Iconography Essay 1. Compare and Contrast: Hosios Loukas, Greece (before 1048) v. San Marco, Venice, Italy (building consecrated 1073; mosaics 12th c.) and the Cappella Palatina, Palermo, Sicily (1142/3) Typical Byzantine churches, like all architectural forms, employ relatively standard layouts and similar mosaic programs. Hosios Loukas, preceding both San Marco and Cappella Palatina, is an example of adherence to Byzantine conventions of visual programs and spatial planning. However, the churches of San Marco and Cappella Palatina are departures from such convention. Experiencing greater influence from the West, the churches of San Marco and Cappella Palatina, in their architectural forms and decoration, at once show their Byzantine roots and strides toward westernization. Hosios Loukas, though appearing irregular in its floor plan, is actually two adjoining churches. Built on the space that marks the site of Saint Lucas’ death, the church is an excellent example of Byzantine planning and decoration. With a large central dome, the church can be divided into three main parts: the sanctuary, which is east of the dome; the naos, which is the central portion; and the narthex, or entry porch. Possessing a cross-like plan, the church is for the most part centrally planned. In the narthex, the typical mosaics of the Pantokrator, the Crucifixion and the Anastasis are employed. The apse mosaic, which is at the far end of the sanctuary, depicts the image of Theotokos sitting on a throne with the Christ Child; above the alter and the apse mosaic rests the mosaic of the Pentecost in the domical vault. In the central dome, which houses the Pantokrator, the circle converts to the square through an octagonal form, a feature shared by Cappella Palatina. The squinches created by the octagon depict scenes from Christ’s life. Furthermore, the likenesses of saints decorate the church. Most importantly however, the decoration of the church contains little extraneous detail. San Marco, however, exists as a transition from the traditional Byzantine format to more westernized looks. Still displaying a cruciform floor plan, the basilical form is integrated into the church. The four lateral domes and one central dome imply this focus on symmetry and centrality, while still allowing for the western influence. The naos is elongated, to create greater linearity and the cross arm of the cross-square is actually a transept. Though exhibiting much of the same scenes, those of San Marco have a particularly greater focus on narrative. One can observe such effects in the Anastasis scenes of both churches. In the Anastasis of Hosios Loukas, only five figures appear: Christ, David, Solomon and Adam and Eve; the five figures possess enough detail to identify them and the scene. In the San Marco example, eleven figures are present. The crowded quality enhances the narrative, allowing them to be read as more of a story and less as a symbolic image representing an event. Similarly, the crucifixion scene of Hosios Loukas and San Marco are respectively simplified and elaborate. Cappella Palatina, built by Roger II a Norman, focuses even greater narrative. The church also further employs the basilical form, while displaying forms from all the cultures that influenced it. Baring less architectural resemblance to the Byzantine church, Cappella Palatina’s mosaics, though depicting much of the same scenes as Hosios Loukas and San Marco, are composed in a rather haphazard way. For example, the nativity, which is usually streamlined to the most integral parts, shows multiple scenes in the same mosaic. In fact, some figures, such as the magi, appear more than once. This technique, allows the viewer to trace out the story of the birth of Christ. The eastern apse looks like a traditional Byzantine church, with a Pantokrator and seated Virgin. However to the west, the basilical nave shows the Western Christian influence. Its use of Old Testament imagery references Western precedents—from Genesis to Jacob wrestling the angel. Similarly, while the walls depict the same scenes as Byzantine churches, their format is different. Its use of registers is unseen in Byzantine counterparts. Also, the multiple Pantokrators that appear in the church, while a Byzantine form, are used in a uniquely un-Byzantine way. Lastly, the church ceiling, which is decorated with muqarnas, shows the Islamic influence. The basilical influence in San Marco and Cappella Palatina is unmistakable. Much of the imagery and its hierarchical placement—with the holiest at the top and most earthly at the bottom—is drawn from Byzantine churches. However, the use of Old Testament scenes and the greater focus on narrative are symptoms of the western influence. San Marco and Cappella Palatina are consequences of the time and place. They are at once Churches of the West and parts of an imperial history and religious tradition from the East. As a result, their appearance reflects the Byzantine influence, in its similarities to Hosios Loukas, and their Ravennic and Roman precedents. 2. Compare and Contrast: Pilgrim eulogia ampulla, Crucifixion and Women at the Tomb, pewter, 6th-7th c. v. The Limburg Staurotheca, 968-985 Though created centuries apart and strikingly different in size and style, the pilgrim eulogia ampulla and the Limburg Staurotheca are similar in many ways. Both are vessels of holy materials and depict Christ and various religious figures. However the ampula represents the more egalitarian form of relic collecting. The Limburg Staurotheca, on the other hand, in its materials and relics is one of the most elite forms of collectorship. Both the Pilgrimage ampulla and the Limburg Staurotheca are composed out of metals. The ampula is made out of pewter, a metal that was readily available at the time and not costly. The Limburg Staurotheca, on the other hand, is made out of gold gilt medal, enamels and gems. The difference in materials is indicative of their intended patrons. The ampulla, which predates the Staurotheca, was created for pilgrims that visited the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The latter, however, was commissioned by an imperial official and was intended to be viewed by elites. Additionally, both possess the ability to be hung. While the ampulla often hung around the neck of a pilgrim, the Staurotheca, which has a hoop at the top, could have been hung in a devotional space or carried during processions. The function—to hold holy objects—also differs due to its intended viewers. Ampullae such as this were often used to hold holy liquids or soil. However, due to the inscription and its iconographic reference to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the True Cross, this pilgrimage ampulla was used to hold the oil from the True Cross. Therefore, in a sense, both of these vessels hold parts of the same relic. However, the portability and reproducibility of the oil, made it better equipped for pilgrim patrons. The Staurotheca, contrastingly, holds seven splinters of the true cross. Arranged in such a way to show the historical form of the true cross, the slivers are held in place by jewels and gold framing. Additionally, the Staurotheca also was a reliquary for various other relics, such as Christ’s purple robe, the hair of John the Baptist, etc. Housed behind the ten different panels with inscriptions describing that which is behind them, the Staurotheca is an interactive reliquary. The viewer is able to open the panels and see the relics. The iconography of the vessels also differs. The ampulla depicts two scenes. The first is the Adoration of Cross. The meaning of the iconography is twofold. It looks like the scene of the Crucifixion, with the other two crucified flanking Christ and with worshipers in attendance. However, the more pertinent interpretation of the imagery, as it relates more directly to the vessel, is the pilgrims visiting and worshiping the True Cross. On the back of the ampulla, the Women at the Tomb is depicted. It also has two significances; it can be read as the Mary’s visiting the tomb of Christ and pilgrim women visiting the tomb of Christ erected within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The iconography, therefore, draws parallels between the events of Christ’s life and the activities of pilgrims. The Staurotheca, on the other hand, is rich in detail yet does not contain any narrative. On the front of the reliquary is Christ enthroned, with Theotokos, John the Baptist and arch angels flanking him. Above and below are three pairs each of the apostles. Surrounding the nine conjoined panels, are portrait busts of saints. Upon opening the lid, the viewer is confronted with the slivers of the True Cross described above. Depictions of angels adorn the interior as well, and flank the inscribed panels behind which rest other important relics. Rather than expressly depict the relics that were encased, the reliquary simply depicted the True Cross and the portraits of angel, all of which were considered to be the image of God himself. Therefore, the ampulla and the Staurotheca differ in their iconography, their function and their materials. All results of the intended viewers and collectors, both the ampulla and Staurotheca represent the Byzantine desire to obtain primary and secondary relics. Representing the power of Christ and God, these vessels’ contents gave their owners assurance of success and salvation. 3. Essay Question Related Directly to Readings: The issue of images in Byzantine art The lineage and use of images in Byzantine art is perhaps on of the more interesting and complicated aspects of Christian iconography. The Christian imagery in Byzantine art, as noted in Heaven on Earth, became intertwined with imperial icons and ceremony. The course of Iconoclasm, however, remains the most controversial historical discourse about Christian images and their appropriate role. The Iconoclasts believed that images were inappropriate in worship and were similar to the worship of idols, which breaks one of the commandments. Iconophiles, on the other hand, venerated images and opposed the Iconoclasts in the destruction of images. Given the volatile opposition of the two, understanding the Christian image in Byzantine art allows one to understand their forms of worship and relation to the holy. Firstly, it should be noted imperial and religious tradition often created a relationship between Christ and the Emperor. Occurring fairly early in the history of Byzantium, the Emperor Justinian was likened to Christ in the apse mosaic in S. Vitale. Adorned with a halo, Justinian stands in the center among twelve soldiers and religious officials. Although, as Treadgold et al. noted in Procopius and the Imperial Panels of S. Vitale, though the artist had not intended on creating the twelve apostles symbolism, as the feet show that some of the heads were added as an after thought, the resulting effect is the same for the contemporaneous viewer. The emperor, the most powerful and godly of men, is likened to Christ. Such an occurrence, while prevalent throughout cultures and history, undoubtedly watered down the holy significance of Christ images in the realm of worship. However, as noted above, the Iconoclast controversy, which lasted from 726 to 843 AD, is most illustrative of the Byzantine treatment of images. Affecting artistic production during the controversy and in its wake, the debate centered on t he appropriateness of images in the Christian context. Iconoclasts, or â€Å"image breakers,† believed that their fellow Christians had become idolaters. Images, perhaps believed to be a source of power by laymen, the Iconoclasts contended, must be restrained. Militaristic failures reaffirmed Iconoclastic believes that they had sinned and incurred the wrath of God. In the Church of Saint Sophia, for example, depictions of saints were replaced by the cross. Similarly, St. Irene sports a cross instead of a human likeness. (The example of the Church of the Dormition in Nicaea seems to show that the Virgin and Child mosaic replaced the Cross, post-Iconoclasm.) Therefore, the Iconoclasts effectively replaced images with the Cross. Contrastingly, the Iconophiles, or â€Å"image lovers,† argued for the preservation and continuation of images, given their long history. As discussed in the Abgar of Edessa identification, the likeness of Christ was venerated in biblical times. Being an ancient tradition, that Christ himself allowed/encouraged, images should be respected. Furthermore, as mentioned in Mango, the Iconophiles argued that God created man in his likeness, and specifically incarnated himself in the human form of Christ, and therefore allows for representation in the human form. Though they were temporarily victorious between bouts of Iconoclasm, the Iconophiles were ultimately successful in securing the role of images in Christianity. After the ideological defeat of the Iconoclasts, the Iconophiles restored much of the Christian imagery that had been washed away. St. Sophia, having had images removed by the iconoclasts, exists as a testament to the great controversy. The St. Sophia apse mosaic is an excellent example of post-iconoclast image restoration. A mosaic of Theotokos and Child was erected with an inscription condemning the Iconoclasts; the inscription is known to refer to them as imposters. Similarly, written and illustrated texts, such as the Khludov Psalter, describe the heresy of the Iconoclasts. It likens them to the Jews. As the Jews killed Christ, the Iconoclasts washed away and killed his image. Furthermore, much of the margin illustrations depict figures holding a medallion image of Christ, as a testament to the devotion to images. The Iconophiles believed that icons and images of the holy and saintly sanctified churches and practiced such post-iconoclasm. Post-iconoclasm, much of the ravages were rectified and restored. Beautifully decorous images adorned churches and texts in the wake of the controversy. The Psalter of Paris, for example, rather naturalistically depicts David composing the Psalms. Personifying the location and muses, the image gives the layman the opportunity to pictographically read the origin of the Psalms. Ultimately, the images not only teach through visuals, but inspire awe. The illuminating mosaics of churches produced miraculous, luminary effects that created a greater sense of the sacred. Consequently, the use of images in Byzantine art is an issue of great complexity. Once deriving influence from the iconography of pagan religions, the Iconoclasm controversy returned to the Christian-pagan associations. The Iconoclasts believed that the worship of images was like that of idols by the pagans. In an attempt to remain in the right with God, they sought to rid Christianity of its idolatrous icons. Though, in accordance with sanctity, egalitarianism and tradition the debate was won by the image lovers, restoring the place of Christian icons.

Social Care For Older Adults In England Social Work Essay

Social Care For Older Adults In England Social Work Essay During the last two decades social care for older adults in England has witnessed many significant changes. Implementation of the community care reform, privatisation of the social care and Direct Payments have had an impact on the social work as a profession to date. In the first part of the literature review I would like to give an overview how all of these initiatives shaped present social work practice for older adults and then focus strictly on personal budgets and recent research of the practice. Traditional social work characterises working closely with the service user, building very much needed relationship, assessing problems, making a judgment about coping abilities, looking on range of resources and at the end making an informed professional judgment about the best way to support service user (Lymbery, 1998). Dustin (2006) presents traditional set of skills such as communication and interpersonal skills, use of self, negotiation and mediation skills as well as appreciation of organisations and procedures as a core of the practice. In the 1980s governments concerns about increasing number of older people as well as running very expensive residential care have been a driver for transformation delivery of social care (McDonald, 2010). Furthermore, and most significantly, a new Conservative political view included: a belief in the greater economy, efficiency and effectiveness of private sector management; consumerism; the virtues of competition and the benefits of a social care market; and a deep mistrust of public service professions and their claims to special knowledge and expertise (Lymbery, 1998, p. 870) had its reflection in implemented legislations and community care reforms. The White Paper Caring for People: Community Care in the Next Decade and Beyond and The NHS and Community Care Act 1990, implemented in 1993, introduced care management and changed the role of the social worker in statutory sector. Hugman (1994, p.30) argues that the care management is a move away from professionally defined responses to need to managerialist responses dominated by resource priorities. McDonald (2010, p. 28) also states that professional discretion has to a large extend been replaced by formulaic approaches to assessment and service eligibility. Community care reform imposed on practitioners to focus more on the processes and on more complex bureaucracy what affected other aspects of care managers/social workers practice such as limited and formal contact with the service user and therefore difficulties in building up relationships with the client, reduced emotional support, counselling role, advocacy role, group work, less attention to monitoring and reviewing (Lymbery, 1998; Postle, 2002; Weinberg et al. 2003; Carey, 2008). Carey (2008, p. 930) states that: the quasi-market system has also helped to create a complex administrative system based around the management of contracts, assessments, care plans and a seemingly infinite variety of bureaucratic regulations and procedures. Most such tasks are relentlessly processed by often perplexed care/case managers, many of whom quickly begin to question any initial motivations to enter social work. Lymbery (1998) points out that more administrative system and budgetary constraints took away from practitioners a sense of traditional role and increased monitoring of social workers decisions. It has been argued, that key community care reform objectives such as a wider range of choice of services, reducing unnecessary paperwork, meeting individual needs in a more flexible and innovative way have not been achieved (Scourfield, 2006; Carey, 2008). The next important step for the shape of present social care has been introduction of direct payment schemes. The British Council of Disabled People (BCODP) presented findings of their research in publication Cash in on independence with evidence that directly provided services were inflexible, unresponsive, unreliable and take away service users control over the support (Zarb and Nadash, 1994). The BCODP also proved that direct payments can be cheaper and at the same time can provide a higher quality of support (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). Under the pressure of sustained and strong campaign for reform from the BCODP and other bodies, the government finally implemented The 1996 Community Care (Direct Payment) Act (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). The Act allowed making cash payments by local authorities to individuals to arrange their own support (McDonald, 2010). In 2000, direct payments were extended to other service user groups and from now on older adults could also benefit from it (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). Following direct payments, in 2003, the charity organisation in Control, focused on people with learning disabilities, developed the new way of organising care called self-directed support (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). Browning (2007, p. 3) states that the introduction of self-directed support is potentially the biggest change to the provision of social care in England in 60 years. The terminology has developed during the process of implementation of this concept. By 2004 in Control started using the term individual budget which describes budget from several different streams such as the Access to Work; the Independent Living Fund; Supporting People and the Disabled Facilities Grant; local Integrated Community Equipment Services, adult social care and NHS resources. In the pilots where funding streams were not integrated and projects relied on social care funds the term personal budgets was being used (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). The in Control Partnership desire was to have the ir concept to be fitted to the existing social care arrangements, to free up available resources, which were tied up in existing buildings and pre-paid services and to allow people to use them flexibly and creatively (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009, p. 77). The aim of personal budgets was to shift power to service users by adaptation to the way of allocating resources, controlling and using the support (Routledge and Porter, 2008). At the same time the government was facing challenges such as aging population, care within the family becoming less an option, more diverse communities, higher expectation form the service as well as continuing desire to retain by people control over their lives as much as possible, including risk management (DH, 2005; HM Government, 2007). Older adults are the largest group of recipients of social care with more than a one million in 2006 (Leadbeater et al., 2008). The number of people of state pensionable age is gradually increasing with twelve million in mid-2009 (ONS, 2010). Some of the above factors have been a drive for governments increasing interest in a personalised system as a way of saving cost in already constrained budget (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). From 2005, numerous documents such as Independence, Well-Being and Choice, Our Health, Our Care, Our Say: A New Direction for Community Services, Opportunity Age and Improving the Life Chances of Disabled People, Transfo rming Social Care stated governments support and shift towards personalisation (Routledge and Porter, 2008). In 2007, The Putting People First concordat informs about reforms to transform the system, based on  £522 million Social Care Reform Grant, to include service users and carers at every step of organising care (HM Government, 2007). Although the government states the way forward, it gives little explanation what it will mean for the front-line practitioners, for their roles and tasks required under new arrangements (Lymbery and Postle, 2010). It states the time has now come to build on best practice and replace paternalistic, reactive care of variable quality with a mainstream system focussed on prevention, early intervention, enablement, and high quality personally tailored services (HM Government, 2007, p 2). The Putting People First concordat (2007, p. 3) also says about more active role of agencies, emphasises greater role of self-assessment, therefore giving social workers more time for support, providing information, brokerage and advocacy. It also underlines importance of person centred planning, self directed support as well as personal budgets being for everyone. Glasby and Littlechild (2009, p. 75) define personal budget as: being clear with the person at the start how much money is available to meet their needs, then allowing them maximum choice over how this money is spent on their behalf and over how much control they want over the money itself. The recently published, in 2009, Working to Put People First: The Strategy for the Adult Social Care Workforce in England states a bit clearer roles and tasks of front-line staff under new arrangements and recognises social workers role as a central in delivering personalised service. Social workers play a key role in early intervention, promoting inclusion and developing social capital as well as safeguarding adults in vulnerable circumstances. They are skilled at identifying models of intervention, some therapeutic, some task centred and working through with people the outcomes to be achieved. They also undertake navigator and brokerage roles as well as supporting self-assessment (DH, 2009, p. 34). However, Lymbery and Postle (2010) points out that the strategy does not explain who will be undertaking specified roles and tasks, we have the right people doing the right roles and not using highly skilled workers for lower skilled tasks (DH, 2009, p. 33), and therefore the situation from community care reforms replicates where introduction of care manager denied the unique position of social worker. On the other hand, Glasby and Littlechild (2009) point out that the change of the social workers role from focusing on assessment to support planning and review will give more chances to work in partnership with service users to support them, what was the reason for many to come to the social care profession. Implementation There is an agreement that social workers motivation and support are crucial for the success of personalisation and based on their education and experience they are best-placed to fulfil roles and tasks in the new arrangements (Tyson et al. 2010; Samuel, 2010). Results from Community Care and Unison this year survey regarding impact of personalisation on social workers reviled that 88% of respondents had recognised some impact on their job, with 40% saying it had been positive and 29% negative (Samuel, 2010). Two years ago in similar survey, negative impact of personalisation claimed only 18% of respondents (Samuel, 2010). One of the most important evaluation of personalised budgets undertaken by IBSEN (2008) indicates that practitioners attitude towards the new system was based on the positive experiences of service users, strong leadership from managers or implementation team. On the other hand, hindrance for positive experience included high workloads, poor information and trainin g about IBs, and the lack of clarity about detailed processes as new systems were put into place (Glendinning et at., 2008, p.22). The IBSEN study also indicates that inclusion of front-line practitioners in developing documentation and processes was key factor for successful implementation. The limitations of the IBSEN study are that it have been conducted in very tight timescales and with continues policy changes and delays, however it is a crucial research on the early impact of individual budgets (Glasby and Littlechild, 2009). My research study will examine in depth the experiences of front-line practitioners of implementation of the personalisation and will also look at their positive and negative drivers. Bureaucracy The Community Care survey has found that two-thirds of respondents experience increase in bureaucracy as a result of transformation (Samuel, 2010). There has been an indication in the IBSEN study, two years earlier, that completing assessment and other office based duties was time consuming, however this increase was not significant. Although increased bureaucracy was an effect of more administrative approach of care management after community care reforms (Weinberg et al., 2003), it has been pointed out by Richard Jones, president of the ADASS, that some councils had over-complicated processes such as self-assessment and support planning (Samuel, 2010a). My research will provide in depth insight of the administrative role of the front-line practitioner in current system. Processes The social workers experiences varied significantly regarding assessment process based on self-assessment, with some seeing it as a complete transformation, where for others it was a move towards further development of practice (Glendinning et al., 2008). At the beginning working in dual assessment systems has been recognised as a major challenge (Glendinning et al., 2008). Moreover, the view of social workers from Community Care survey match with opinion form IBSEN study that self-assessment was not giving complete picture of a persons needs, with no focus on risk, issues regarding carers and their needs, and putting at risk social workers skills and professionalism (Glendinning et al., 2008; Samuel, 2010). The in Control report of the Second Phase (Hatton et al., 2008) sees self-assessment approach as the way to reduce the process and at the same time social workers time on this task. On the other hand, Lymbery and Postle (2010, p. 11) point out that assessment is at the heart of w hat social workers do and that not all service users have a ability and knowledge to recognise their needs and then to find appropriate ways to address these needs. Front-line practitioners reported that self-assessment usually has been undertaken with support from a family member or a friend, which has been seen as essential support (Glendinning et al., 2008). It can be seen as a potential ground for conflict of interest between service users and carers with examples such as need for respite care or risk within home setting (Lymbery and Postle, 2010). On the positive side, some front-line practitioners indicated that self-assessment shows that peoples views were taken seriously and as having the potential to generate positive discussions about needs and outcomes (Glendinning et al., 2008, p. 147). The IBSEN study recognises that social workers involvement in this process in work with older adults may be of more importance. Older people become more isolated, have less available supp ort from family, they tend to under-assess their own needs as well as do not perceive their behaviour as creating risk (Glendinning et al., 2008, p. 147). CSCI (2009, p. 137) back up above points regarding assessment stating that In practice, and particularly for people with complex needs, self-assessment entailed intensive support from care managers, more demanding of staff time and skills than traditional professional assessment. However, Community Care survey (2010) showed that two-third of social workers did not have enough time with service user to support self-assessment. In support planning process, exploring options, co-ordination, building confidence and empowering service users and carers were the main roles and tasks mentioned by care co-ordinators (Glendinning et al., 2008, p. 147). Many co-ordinators taking part in IBSEN study admitted that the focus on outcomes had an important impact on their practice. Some participants said that one of their roles was to translate the information given by service user in order to produce a meaningful plan. One of the key issues, raised by practitioners, was confusion whether allocated monies based on for example personal care needs could be used flexibly to purchase other services. Further source of confusion and frustration for front-line staff as well as service users and carers, reported in the IBSEN study, was regarding the material good allowed to be purchased and whether family member could be paid for provided support. Specifically regarding older adults, the issue has been raised that their needs ten d to change much faster, therefore a support plan may be out of date within a couple of months (CSCI, 2009, p. 140). In relation to support planning, the Resource Allocation System (RAS) has been perceived by front-line staff as purely mathematical, easy to use tool, on the other hand, some practitioners said that such mechanical approach to allocation of resources cannot fairly and accurately distribute resources due to complexity of service users needs and circumstances (Glendinning et al., 2008). This research will look at the experiences of front-line staff regarding assessment process, support planning as well as resource allocation in new arrangements. Risk management In CSCI report (2008) there is indication that the new arrangements for social care might increase the level of risk for service users. This issue arise especially where service user with complex needs is involved, as he/she might not be able to show distress (CSCI, 2008). Lymbery and Postle (2010) state that critical in terms of safeguarding in new arrangements is to retain professional engagement with service user. The IBSEN study states that giving service users more responsibilities and therefore more risk was in personalisation philosophy from the very beginning and also recognises that it is a difficult shift for care co-ordinators (Glendinning et al., 2008). Front-line staff had concerns that money could be spend inappropriately by service users, that they might not have appropriate skills and experience to employ PAs, that PAs had proper training to provide for example personal care tasks in safe and effective way (Glendinning et al., 2008). Contrary to that, in Control Third Phase evaluation (2010, p. 73) evidence suggests that people feel and are safer when they are In Control of their support and their money and they can determine what happens around them on a day-to-day basis. In in Control study 60% of professionals said that there was no change in risk management from the start of Personal Budgets (Tyson et al., 2010). On the other hand, Community Care survey (Lombard, 2010) found that 37% of social workers do not know what to do when care arranged by service user puts him/her at risk. My research project will examine in depth the view of front-line staff regarding risk assessment and implication, if any, of shifting more responsibilities to service users. Training, knowledge and skills The IBSEN study found out that most of the care co-ordinators had training provided before implementation of the individual budgets, however there was some who did not have any before undertaking first IB case (Glendinning et al., 2008). The participants in the IBSEN study said that training was focused more on the idea and philosophy behind individual budgets, and did not concentrate enough on processes (Glendinning et al., 2008). Successful in terms of informal training were recognised interactive activities such as team meetings, meeting with IB team workers and development officers and peer support development groups (Glendinning et al., 2008; Lombard, 2010). The Community Care survey on personalisation shows that there are significant knowledge gaps amongst social workers (Lombard, 2010). 63% of respondents admitted the need for brokerage skills, with only 31% stating that they have them. An understanding of the key terms and overall knowledge about personalisation has improved (57%), however 14% of social workers still understand little or nothing about individual and personal budgets (Lombard, 2010). Only 49% of practitioners said that they feel they have enough knowledge about employing personal assistant (Lombard, 2010). My research will examine the experiences of front-line practitioners regarding received training as well as subjective opinion about skill gaps in their practice. Mindset, culture The need for cultural shift and change of mindset of service users and practitioners has been recognised in several publications as one of the most important issues (Glendinning et al., 2008; CSCI, 2009; DH, 2010). The CSCI report (2009) shows that it was not expected from older adults that they will appreciate additional responsibilities in managing individual/personal budgets, however in some sites more older people decided to have Direct Payment and to manage the money by themselves. In addition, in Control report (2010, p. 135 136) shows that by the end of 2009 30.000 people were having Personal Budgets across 75 local authorities with older people being the largest group of receivers (53%). The in Control evaluation was based on online data voluntarily shared by local authorities, however there was no requirement on authorities to share data as well as not all authorities included breakdown by social care group, therefore the information from this report does not show an accura te national picture (Tyson et al., 2010). The Personal Budgets for older people making it happen guidance (2010) emphasises importance of sharing successful stories and cases in order to challenge front-line practitioners stereotypes and increase positive attitude towards older people as a recipients of personal budgets. Resources In this year Community Care survey 36% of respondents said that resources have been the biggest barrier for successful implementation of personalisation. Moreover, based on the information about planned cuts in public sector by the current government, 82% of respondents said that this will slow down the progress of personalisation (Samuel, 2010). It has been pointed out in several publications (Glendinning, 2008; Carr and Robbins, 2009; Samuel, 2010) that front-line practitioners using only public resources face significant challenges in exercising choice, control and independence of service user and his/her own creativity. It is well pictured in this quote this is more difficult when a budget is strictly for personal care that is essential the equivalent of 30 minutes washing and dressing a day is not going to allow much creativity (Fighting Monsters, 2010). Social workers under new arrangements will still be responsible for control expenditure with funding targeted at those most i n need (HM Government, 2008, p.9) what clashes with one of the key principle Putting People First which is prevention and early intervention (Lymbery and Postle, 2010). This research project will examine in depth the view of front-line staff about using of existing social care resources in order to fulfil policies principles and meet older adults needs. Services In the CSCI report (2009) it has been emphasised that to allow people to exercise choice and control and to feel independent, together with transformation of the system, the existing services need reconfiguration. At the moment services are limited and insufficiently flexible, where day services are traditional and predominantly based in buildings, and where block contracting arrangements limit the range of services on offer (CSCI, 2009, p. 148). The Community Care survey (2010) found out that 56% social workers have noticed that services such as day centres are being closed down on the assumption that using personal budgets will mean reduced use of such services. Services, especially from local authority, will have to by attractive, flexible to needs, affordable, price competitive, sustainable, well structured and managed to meet service users needs (Tyson et al., 2010). My research will examine social workers experiences of changes in structure of services for older adults with the emphasise on increasing their choice, control and independence.

greek comedy :: essays research papers fc

Tommy Coleman Intro to Theater Process Kimmika Williams-Whitherspoon Greek Comedy and The Process of Putting on a Show   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Poetics, comedy is defined as â€Å"a representation of an action that is laughable, lacking in magnitude, complete, [in embellished speech,] with each of its parts used separately in the various elements of the play; represented by people acting and not by narration.† (Aristotle, pg. 43) Therefore a play that does not adhere to this definition is not considered funny, nor does it produce laughter, which is highly essential to the genre. ***   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Kimmika told me that I was going to be doing a Satyr piece, I was devastated. I was so confident that I would be doing a musical piece in some shape or form. I would’ve even enjoyed opera, but not Satyr (of all genres) to do a project on. I was intimidated by the genre for my lack of knowledge about it. I was also fearful that my production would not add up to the caliber of the one I saw last spring semester, which followed all the rules, it seemed, of what a Greek comedy was supposed to be. With such anxiety eating at my psyche, it was difficult to move forward confidently with this project. On top of that, I was in the middle of rehearsals for Jitney, so I was not sure that I would pull my weight for the project. What is funny is that for the most part, my fear should’ve been the same fear as my partners who did not do as much as I did for this project at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, as far as meeting with my group members was concerned, that idea was cute in the beginning. Abbey, Phuong and I met during classes and discussed ideas for a possible Greek play. Then we suggested ways to come up with concepts and bring them back to each other. However not too long into the duration of the project, communication became non-existent. The only time I talked to my group members was during class time in Theater 011. Outside of class, there were no meetings. There was an attempt at one, but we got our times scheduled wrong. For me, it was impossible to meet during the evenings due to rehearsal for â€Å"Jitney† by August Wilson, performances of â€Å"Jitney†, and then rehearsals for a fashion show that I was a part of.

Do manners matter? :: Informative, Education, etiquette

Do manners matter? Yes, they do; however, since most parents have gone to work, children have fewer chances to sit with their parents and to learn manners from them. Although America is a melting-pot of cultures with various ideas of manners (Packer 22), and the subject of manners is complicated (Hall 185), the standard of good manners of various cultures is similar. Good manners are the same as civilized behaviors and moral etiquette that have respect, consideration, generosity, and thoughtfulness for others (Stewart 14). What goes around comes around; therefore, people should treat others as they wish to be treated themselves (Stewart 1). In fact, people would love to be with others who have good manners (Brandenberg 2). Therefore, manners should be taught in the twenty-first century because they not only help people become educated and competitive, but they also help the world become peaceful and smooth. First of all, people are more educated and competitive if they have good manners. Ladies and gentlemen who have good manners appear more educated, creditable, and superior than other ill-mannered people. Dr. Sokolosky believes, â€Å"all things being equal in terms of skills and abilities, the person who leaves a good, positive impression will come out on top† (Ricketts, par. 9), which means in a group of people who have equal skills, the one who has good manners will be the winner; thus, good manners can improve one’s competitiveness. Moreover, my Professor Eadus said that manners are the biggest part of social skill, which is true because good manners affect people’s interpersonal relationships and social communications. In fact, dining has been a principal social event in people’s lives; therefore, good table manners are essential and conducive to show one’s education while erroneous table manners can cause punishment by mothers, embarrassment in front of friends, or being dumped by dates (Packer 268). I have had one of the most embarrassing experiences in my life. When I was young, I used to play with my food and hold my knife and fork incorrectly until one day I dropped my whole piece of steak on the woman who was sitting at the next table. At that moment, I was totally embarrassed and frightened while the woman yelled at me and said I was a rude kid. After that, I went to borrow some books to learn table manners. â€Å"The way you handle yourself at the table gives off very clear signals as to what kind of a person you are† (Cooper, par.

Mango Juice Marketting

A PROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"MARKET STUDY OF MANGO JUICE† IN â€Å"HINDUSTHAN COCA COLA BEVERAGES PVT. LTD† PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE OSMANIA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF â€Å"MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION† D E C L A R A T I O N I XXX student of Master of Business Management, XXX College, here by that the project report entitled â€Å"MARKET STUDY OF MANGO JUICE† Has been carried out at â€Å"Hindusthan Coca Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd† submitted in partial fulfillment for the â€Å"Master’s Degree in Business Administration† in the result of my own work and is original.I have not submitted this project to any other university or college for the award of any other degree or Diploma. XXXX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my sense of profound gratitude to the Management of â€Å"Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd†, Ameenpur. For giving me this opportunity to conduct a study on Training and De velopment in their esteemed organization. My sincere thanks to XXXX (Human resource Manager), Hindustan coca cola bevarege Pvt. Ltd, Ameenpur. For permitting me to pursue this project. I would like to express my gratitude to XXXX (Sales Manager), Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd, Ameenpur.For providing his valuable time, suggestions and support for completing my project work successfully. I am extremely grateful to XXXX, Hindustan Coca cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd, Ameenpur. For his support during the preparation of the project report. His patience and invaluable guidance have proved to be very precious without which project would not be completed. I am thankful to our Principal XXXX. and also convey my thanks to our faculty members for their support. Lastly, I am indebted to the friends and will-wishers who have extended their support to me during the project. XXXX INDEX PAGE NO: CHAPTER-1 ? INTRODUCTION6-7 INDUSTRY PROFILE IN INDIA9-10 CHAPTER-2 ? NEED FOR THE STUDY12-13 ? SCOPE FOR THE STUDY15-17 ? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY19 ? RESEARCH METHODOLOGY21-24 ? LIMITATION OF THE STUDY26 CHAPTER-3 ? COMPANY PROFILE28-60 CHAPTER-4 ? DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION63-73 CHAPTER-5 ? SUGGESTION75 ? CONCLUSION77 ? FINDINGS79 ? QUESTIONNAIRE 81-83 ? BIBLOGRAPHY85 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Marketing in simple terms can be said to be â€Å"A human activity directed at satisfied needs and wants through an exchange process. † Marketing as a functional area of management is becoming extremely important as compared to other fields.All decisions in modern business organization revolve around information related with marketing decision making situations, which are characterized by Distribution Strategy, Channel members and Product decisions. The Product Decisions, customers assess a product’s value by looking at many factors including those that surround the product. In a constantly changing business and market scenario, maintaining the channel members becomes more challenging in such a situation only innovative technology, good product and committed people, accompany can take the lead over its competitors.Coca-cola ltd has differentiated itself from its competitors and providing the total â€Å"value for money† to its customers. Coca-cola ltd has integrated all the features to offer a value for its products. Value for the product and services refers to the quality of product and services offered to the customers. Several surrounding features can be directly influenced by channel members, such as customer service, delivery, and availability. Consequently, a channel partner involves a value analysis in the same way customers make purchase decisions.This area becomes the most important from the company as well as customer point of view. This helps the company to know better their customers and provide them with what they are expecting. Market: The set of all actual and potential buyers of a product or service. Marketing: A social and man agerial process whereby individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Marketing Management: The art and science of choosing target markets and building profitable relationships with them. Customer Satisfaction:The extent to which a product’s performance matches a buyer’s expectations. Marketing Mix: The set of controllable tactical marketing tools – product, price, place, and promotion – that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Developing the marketing Mix: Once the company have decided on its overall competitive marketing strategy, it is ready to begin planning the details of the marketing mix, one of the major concepts in modern marketing. The marketing mix is the set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.INDUSTRY PROFILE INDUSTRY PROFILE IN INDIA OUR COUNTRY WITH APOPUL ATION OF 100 crores as on 2001. Is potentially one of the largest consumer market in the world the soft drinks market is the one among the various markets in India . Soft drinks is product, which the consumer purchases to quench his thirst, the secondary factor such as taste, hygienic conditions of storage and social status influenced the consumers purchasing decision. Soft Drink scenario in India: The soft drinks market till early 1990`s was in hands of domestic players like Campa Thums up limca etc . ut with opening up of economy and the entry of MNC players Pepsi and coca -cola, the market as come totally under their control while world wide coca cola is the leader in carbonated drinks market, in India it is Pepsi which scored over coca cola . Coca cola, which had winded up its Indian operations during the introduction of FERA regime, reentered in India 16 years later in 1993. Coca cola acquired a major chunk of the soft drink market by buying out local brands Thumps Up. Limca an d Gold Spot from Parle Beverages. Pepsi, although started a couple of years efore Coca cola in 1991, has a lower market share today. It has bought over Mumbai based Dukes range of soft drinks brands . Pepsi has been targeting it’s products towards youth and it has stuck right chord with the sales have been doing well by sticking to the is youth brand wagon Soft drinks are available in glass bottles, aluminum cans and pet bottles for home consumption. Fountains also dispense them in disposable containers. While 80% of the consumption is impulse based outside home 20% comes from consumption at home. This trend is slowly changing with increase in occasion led sales.The market is slowly moving from Non-Alcoholic Carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and also to plain bottles water due to lower cost and ready availability. Per Capital consumption in India is among lowest in the world at 7 bottles per annum compared to 15 bottles in Pakistan, 89 in china and 1500 bottles in USA. Market has highest per capita consumption in the country with 50 bottles per annum compared to 5 bottles for the country. While 75% of the PET bottle consumption is in urban areas and the 200 ml bottles sales are higher in rural areas.According to the NCAER survey, lower lower middle and upper middle class people do 90% of the total consumption of soft drinks in the country. Soft drinks market size of FY05 was around 320 million cases (7680million bottles). The market, which was witnessing 5% to 6% growth in the early 1990`s and even slower growth at around 2-3% in late80`s. presently the market growth rate is around 7-8% per annum. The market preference is highly regional based. While the cola drinks have main markets in metro cities and Northern states of UP, Punjab, Haryana, etc. orange flavored drinks are popular in southern states.Sodas are also sold largely in southern sates, besides sales through bars. Western markets have preference towards mango-flavored drinks; diet coca c ola constituted just 0. 7% of the total carbonated beverage market. Another particular feature of the market is that of positioning and targeting of various brands. While cola based brand of coca cola is targeted at teenagers and is positioned as refreshment for mind and body . its Thums Up brand is targeted at people in age group of 20-29yrars, positioned as thing for adventure-loving successful and macho person NEED FOR THE STUDY NEED FOR STUDYAs retailer, each of has a vast number of perceptions toward products, toward services, toward company or industry, etc. It is difficult to imagine in any research project that does not include the measurement of some aspects of retailer’s s perceptions. The size of the market is vast and constantly expanding, thus resulting in a vast number of competitors entering the market. Billions of dollars were being spent on goods and services by tens of millions of people. The growth of the retailer’s movements created urgent need to u nderstand how competitors form strategies and capture the market share and take strategic decisions.For example, in order to discover how retailers respond to the promotional offer, advertisement and distribution or service. (E. g. promotional appeals, package labels, warranties, discounts, etc. ). The study of retailer’s perception and market share would provide the company with necessary insights to develop the product, its pricing strategy, and to design persuasive promotional strategy, distribution system and develop defensive strategies and elimination strategies to remove the competitor’s product from the market or some promotional strategies to increase the market share of particular products and brands.It would also support the organization to analyze its drawbacks in its various strategies and to take corrective action to remain as market leaders. The study will also reveal the different aspects of retailer’s perception regarding price, quality, range, availability, and advertisements of the products. The need for the study is very essential as the competition in the soft drink and water segment is ever increasing. Competitors are mainly struggling to shutdown the market by capturing its market share. The competitors are coming up with sales promotion and incentives to compete with this Maaza.SCOPE FOR THE STUDY SCOPE FOR STUDY The scope of the study is limited. The study is a very minor contribution to the company as it is only restricted to the twin cities (Borabanda and Kodapur). The study would only be a drop in the ocean, Can help the distribution in this area. The study can be conducted on a national basic too with a large sample size and interviewing many numbers of respondents. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS: Retailer: Retailer is a person or business who sells products to the public. Brand: Brand refers to the identification of the product given by the manufacturer. Brand Loyalty:Brand loyalty refers to the continuous and repeat ed purchase of a particular brand without any wavering purchase pattern. Respondent: Respondent is a person who is being interviewed for the purpose of conducting the study. Market share: The amount that a company sells of its products or services compared with other companies selling the same things Promotional Activities: Promotional activities include advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, and publicity, which have their own characteristics and cost but have common objectives of achieving high sales by creating awareness.Incentives: Offer of an article at frees of cost or less price of the market can be termed as incentives. Interviewee: A person who is answerable to the interviewer of the proposed questions. Interviewer: A person who carries on investigation for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the project. Sample: The selection of set of people from the total population for the purchase of carrying on the investigation. Survey: It refers to the questionnaire administered to the subject who is identified from the population with the help of probability or non-probability sampling.Questionnaire: It refers to the set of questions that are framed to be answered by the respondents for the purpose of achieving the research objectives. In questionnaires there are two types structured and unstructured. There are four types of questions in a questionnaire on open ended questions, closed ended questions, disguised and interrogative questions. Brand awareness: Knowing brand; knowing that particular brand exists and is important; being interested in particular brand: brand awareness refers to the consumer awareness of the particular brand. Brand Name:The name given to a product by the company that produces it. brand name is nothing but the name and value of the brand. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ? To know the retailers perception on maaza tetra pack. ? To know the brand image among fruit drinks. ? To know the retailers satisfactio n levels towards maaza. ? To study the customer preferences and choice in various juice brands ? To identify the problems of distribution ? To analyze the sales of competitors products in various outlets ? To know the most preferred size and quantity in juice brands by retail outletsMETHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design: Once the problem is identified, the next step is the research design. Research design is the basic framework of rest of the study. A research design specifies the methods and procedures for conducting particular study. In this project we are following descriptive research design. Source of Data: There are two types of data: 1. Primary data 2. Secondary data Primary Data: The primary data is fresh information collected for a specified study. The primary data can be gathered by observational, experimentation and survey method.Here the entire scheme of plan starts with the definition of various terms used, units to be employed, type of enquiry to be conducte d, extent of accuracy aimed etc. , The methods commonly used for the collection of primary data are: 1. Direct personal investigation, where the data is collected by the investigator from the sources concerned. 2. Indirect oral interviews, where the interview is conducted directly or indirectly concerned with subject matter of the enquiry. 3. Information received through local agencies, which are appointed by the investigator. 4.Mailed questionnaire method, here the method consists in preparing a questionnaire (a list of questions relating to the field of enquiry and providing space for the answers to be filled by the respondents. ), which is mailed to the respondents with a request for quick response with in the specified time. In this project mailed questionnaire method is used to collect the primary data. Secondary Data: The secondary data refers to data, which already exists. The secondary data collect from internal records, business magazines, company websites and Newspapers. R esearch instruments:For the collection of primary data a structured questionnaire was prepared covering various aspects of the study. The questionnaire contains closed-ended and dichotomous questions. Sampling Procedure: It is a procedure required from defining a population to the actual selection of the sample. Introduction: The precision and accuracy of the survey results are affected by the manner in which the sample has been chosen. Sample: A part of a population, which is provided by some process on other, usually by deliberated selection with the object of investigating the properties of the parent population set.Non probability sampling method is in deterministic method where the sample size in numerous and can’t be determined. So for our convenience we take convenience-sampling method where all the population in sample is given equal opportunity. Sampling Method: – Convenience sampling method. Statistical Tools Used: Weighted Arithmetic Mean. Weighted Arithmeti c Mean is based on the assumption that all the items in the distribution are of equal importance. Here the weights are attached to each item being proportional to the importance of the item in the distribution.Let W1, W2, W3, Wn be the weights attached to variable values X1,X2,X3†¦, Xn respectively then weighted arithmetic means X is given by ? WX/? W where W1, W2†¦ Wn are the respective weights of X1, X2, Xn. 1. Population: Retailers in Borabanda and kondapur. 2. Source of data: The two important sources of data are the primary data and secondary data. The primary data is collected through survey method with the help of questionnaire and personal interview. The secondary data is been collected from consumer attitude books. 3. The information is collected through survey done in Borabanda and kondapur 4.Sample unit: The sample unit consists of retailers in Borabanda and kondapur 5. Sample size: The sample size is 120 respondents. 6. The sample taken for the study caters to upper class and middle class of the society. 7. Sample method: the sample method used is non-probability. In non-probability sampling the chance of any particulars unit in the population being selected unknown. a. Procedure: the procedure used for sampling is convenient sampling in this method the sample unit is chosen primarily on the basics of the convenience to the investigator. 8.The survey consists of structured questionnaire. 9. The questionnaire consists of both open and closed-ended questions LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY LIMITATIONS †¢ The study was confined to limited consumers only †¢ The duration of the study was restricted for 8 weeks only, which is not sufficient to study the entire consumers in the market. †¢ The analysis can not be straight away used in decision making, as simple is very small when compared to the total consumers in the market. †¢ The present study deals with coca-cola-brand. COMPANY PROFILE COCA-COLA PROFILEThe company actually produc es concentrate for Marco, which is then sold to various Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially-exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola in cans and bottles to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the single largest Coca-Cola bottler in North America and Europe.The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for fountain sales to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most famous of these is Diet Coke, which has become a major diet cola but others exist, including Caffeine free Coke, Cherry Coke, Coke Zero, Vanilla Coke and limited editions with lemon and with lime, and even with coffee. The Coca-Cola Company owns an d markets other soft drinks that do not carry the Coca-Cola branding, such as Sprite, Fanta, and others. The Las Vegas World of Coca-Cola museum in 2000The first recipe Coca-Cola was invented in Atlanta, Georgia, by John S. Pemberton, originally as a coca wine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1885. [1][2] He may have been inspired by the formidable success of European Angelo Mariani's coca wine, Vin Mariani. In 2007, when Ging Mo Tuen and Fulton County passed Prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, essentially a carbonated, non-alcoholic version of French Wine Cola. [3] The beverage was named Coca-Cola because, originally, the stimulant mixed in the beverage was coca leaves from South America.In addition, the drink was flavored using kola (Cola) nuts, the beverage's source of caffeine. [4] Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose, whereas, in 1891, Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from P emberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola did once contain an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass but after 1903 Coca-Cola started using, instead of fresh leaves, â€Å"spent† leaves – the leftovers of the cocaine-extraction process with cocaine trace levels left over at a molecular level. 5][6] However, as cocaine is one of numerous alkaloids present in the coca leaf, it was nevertheless present in the drink. Today, the flavoring is still done with kola nuts and the â€Å"spent† coca leaf. In the United States, there is only one plant (in New Jersey) authorized by the Federal Government to grow the coca plant for Coca-Cola syrup manufacture. [7] Coca-Cola was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time thanks to a belief that carbonated water was good for the health. 8] Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured a myriad of diseases, including mor phine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, headache, and impotence. The first sales were made at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886, and for the first eight months only nine drinks were sold each day. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the Atlanta Journal. By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola — sold by three separate businesses — were on the market. Asa Griggs Candler acquired a stake in Pemberton's company in 1887 and incorporated it as the Coca Cola Company in 1888.The same year, while suffering from an ongoing addiction to morphine, Pemberton sold the rights a second time to four more businessmen: J. C. Mayfield, A. O. Murphy, C. O. Mullahy and E. H. Bloodworth. Meanwhile, Pemberton's alcoholic son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product. In an attempt to clarify the situation, John Pemberton declared that the name Coca-Cola belonged to Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the formula. So, in the summer of 1888, Candler sold his beverage under the names Yum Yum and Koke.After both failed to catch on, Candler set out to establish a legal claim to Coca-Cola in late 1888, in order to force his two competitors out of the business. Candler purchased exclusive rights to the formula from John Pemberton, Margaret Dozier and Woolfolk Walker. However, in 1914, Dozier came forward to claim her signature on the bill of sale had been forged, and subsequent analysis has indicated John Pemberton's signature was most likely a forgery as well. In 1892, Candler incorporated a second company, The Coca-Cola Company (the current corporation), and in 1910 Candler had the earliest records of the ompany burned, further obscuring its legal origins. Regardless, Candler began marketing the product — the efficiency of this concerted advertising campaign would not be realized until much later. By the time of its 50th anniversary, the drink had reached the status of a national icon for the USA. In 1935 it was certified kosher by Rabbi Tobias Geffen, after the company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients. Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time on March 12, 1894, and cans of Coke first appeared in 1955. 14] The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. Its proprietor was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design that is now so familiar. Asa Candler was tentative about bottling the drink, but the two entrepreneurs who proposed the idea were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure. However, the loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for the company for decades to come.Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies — in effect, becoming parent bottlers. [pic] New Coke stirred up a controversy when it replaced the original Coca-Cola in 1985. Coca-Cola Classic was reinstated within a few months of New Coke's introduction into the market. In 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change the formula of the drink. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink was called, was invented specifically to respond to its commercial competitor, Pepsi.Double-blind taste tests indicated that most consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which had more lemon oil, less orange oil, and used vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. In taste tests, drinkers were more likely to respond positively to sweeter drinks, and Pepsi had the advantage over Coke because it was much sweeter. Coca-Cola tinkered with the formula and created â€Å"New Coke†. Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi. The reformulation was led by the then-CEO of the company, Roberto Goizueta , and the president Don Keough.It is unclear what part long-time company president Robert W. Woodruff played in the reformulation. Goizueta claimed that Woodruff endorsed it a few months before his death in 1985; others have pointed out that, as the two men were alone when the matter was discussed, Goizueta might have misinterpreted the wishes of the dying Woodruff, who could speak only in monosyllables. It has also been alleged that Woodruff might not have been able to understand what Goizueta was telling him. [Citation needed] The commercial failure of New Coke therefore came as a grievous blow to the management of the Coca-Cola Company.It is possible that customers would not have noticed the change if it had been made secretly or gradually and thus brand loyalty could have been maintained. Coca-Cola management was unprepared, however, for the nostalgic sentiments the drink aroused in the American public; some compared changing the Coke formula to rewriting the American Constituti on. The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest consumer of natural vanilla extract. When New Coke was introduced in 1985, this had a severe impact on the economy of Madagascar, a prime vanilla exporter, since New Coke used vanillin, a less-expensive synthetic substitute.Purchases of vanilla more than halved during this period. But the flop of New Coke brought a recovery. Meanwhile, the market share for New Coke had dwindled to only 3% by 1986. The company renamed the product â€Å"Coke II† in 1992 (not to be confused with â€Å"Coke C2†, a reduced-sugar cola launched by Coca-Cola in 2004). However, sales falloff caused a severe cutback in distribution. By 1998, it was sold in only a few places in the Midwestern U. S. Main article: Coca-Cola formula: The exact formula of Coca-Cola is a famous trade secret.The original copy of the formula is held in SunTrust Bank's main vault in Atlanta. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company' s initial public offering in 1919. A popular myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive having only half the formula. The truth is that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two executives, each knows the entire formula and others, in addition to the prescribed duo, have known the formulation process. Franchised Production Model:The actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to various bottlers throughout the world who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sugar (or artificial sweeteners) and fill it into cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. [20]The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchisees, like Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC) and Coca-Cola FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world. Since independent bottlers add sugar and sweeteners, the sweetness of the drink differs in various parts of the world, to cater for local tastes. Bottle and logo design [pic][pic] The first version of the famous bottle went into production in 1916. The famous Coca-Cola logotype was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885.It was Robinson who came up with the name, and he also chose the logo’s distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid 19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period. The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the â€Å"contour bottle† within the company, but known to some as the â€Å"hobble skirt† bottle , was created in 1915 by a Swedish former glassblower, Alexander Samuelson, who had emigrated to the U. S. in the 1880s and was employed as a anager at The Root Glass Company in Terre Haute, Indiana, one of Coca-Cola's bottle suppliers. According to the Coca-Cola Company, Samuelson took time to ponder a possible new design for the bottle after production at his plant was shut down due to a heat wave. Inspired, he considered the possibility of basing a new design on the kola nut or coca leaf, two of the drink's flagship ingredients. He sent an employee to research the shape of the two objects in question, but a misunderstanding led to the man returning with sketches of the cacao pod—a crucial ingredient in chocolate, but not Coca-Cola.According to the company, it was this mistaken design that was accepted and put into production. Although endorsed by the company, this version of events is not considered authoritative by many who cite its implausibility as difficult to believe. One alternative depiction has Raymond Loewy as the inventor of the unique design, but although Loewy did serve as a designer of Coke cans and bottles in later years, he was in the French Army in the year the bottle was invented and did not migrate Local Competitors:Pepsi is often second to Coke in terms of sales, but outsells Coca-Cola in some localities. Around the world, some local brands do compete with Coke. In South and Central America, Kola Real, known as Big Cola in Mexico, is a fast growing competitor to Coca-Cola. On the French island of Corsica, Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. In the French region of Bretagne, Breizh Cola is available. In Peru, Inca Kola outsells Coca-Cola. However, The Coca-Cola Company purchased the brand in 1999.In Sweden, Julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season. In Scotland, the locally-produced Irn-Bru was more popular than Coca-Cola until 2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke began to outpace its sales. In India, Coca-Cola ranks third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and local drink Thumps Up. However, The Coca-Cola Company purchased Thumps Up in 1993. Tropical, a domestic drink is served in Cuba instead of Coca-Cola, in which there exists a United States embargo. Mecca Cola, in the Middle East, is a competitor to Coca-Cola.In Turkey, Cola Turka is a major competitor to Coca-Cola. In Iran and also many countries of Middle East, Zam Zam Cola and Parsi Cola are major competitors to Coca-Cola. In some parts of China, Future cola or can be bought. In Slovenia, the locally-produced Cocktail is a major competitor to Coca-Cola, as is the inexpensive Mercator Cola, which is sold only in the country's biggest supermarket chain, Mercator. Finally, in Madagascar, Classiko Cola made by Tiko Group the largest manufactured company in the country is a serious competitor to Coca-Cola in many regions. Advertising:Coca-Cola's advertising has had a significant impact on Amer ican culture, and is frequently credited with the â€Å"invention† of the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in red-and-white garments; however, while the company did in fact start promoting this image in the 1930s in its winter advertising campaigns, it was already common before that. In fact, Coca-Cola was not even the first soft drink company to utilize the modern image Santa Claus in its advertising – White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923 after first using him to sell mineral water in 1915.In the 1970s, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called â€Å"I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing†, produced by Billy Davis, became a popular hit single. Coca-Cola has a policy of avoiding using children younger than the age of 12 in any of its advertising. This decision was made as a result of a lawsuit from the beginning of the 20th century that alleged that Coke's caffeine content was dangerous to children. However, in recen t times, this has not stopped the company from targeting young consumers. In addition, it has not been disclosed in exact terms how safe Coke is for consumption by young children (or pregnant mothers).Coke's advertising has been rather pervasive, as one of Woodruff's stated goals was to ensure that everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. Advertising for Coke is now almost ubiquitous, especially in southern areas of North America, such as Atlanta, where Coke was born. Some of the memorable Coca-Cola television commercials between 1960 through 1986 were written and produced by former Atlanta radio veteran Don Naylor (WGST 1936-1950, WAGA 1951-1959) during his career as a producer for the McCann Erickson advertising agency.Many of these early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured movie stars, sports heroes, and popular singers of the day. During the 1980s, Pepsi-Cola ran a series of television advertisements showing people participating in taste tests ess entially demonstrating that: â€Å"Fifty percent of the participants who said they preferred Coke actually chose the Pepsi†. Statisticians were quick to point out the problematic nature of a 50/50 result; that most likely all this really showed was that in blind tests, most people simply cannot tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke.Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the cola wars; one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees deciding which tennis ball was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market. Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 till the time of her death. She filmed three commercials for the company. In 1994 to commemorate her 5 years with the company, Coca-Cola issued special Selena coke bottles. In an attempt to broaden its portfolio, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982.Columbia provided subtle publicity through Coke product placements in many of its films while under Coke's ownership. However, after a few early successes, Columbia began to under-perform, and was dropped by the company in 1989. Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history, including â€Å"The pause that refreshes†, â€Å"I'd like to buy the world a Coke†, and â€Å"Coke is it† (see Coca-Cola slogans). Sponsorship of Sporting Events: Coca-Cola was the first-ever sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in Amsterdam and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since.This corporate sponsorship included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its hometown. Since 1978 Coca-Cola has sponsored each FIFA World Cup and other competitions organized by FIFA. In fact, one of the FIFA tournament trophy: FIFA World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997 was called â€Å"FIFA – Coca Cola Cup†. In addition, Coca-Cola sponsors t he annual Coca-Cola 600 for the NASCAR Nextel Cup auto racing series at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina.Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships, which over the years have included Major League Baseball, the National Football League, Criticisms Main article: Criticism of Coca-Cola: The Coca-Cola Company has been criticized for the alleged adverse health effects of its flagship product. However, a common criticism of Coke based on its allegedly toxic acidity levels has been found to be baseless by most researchers; lawsuits based on these criticisms have been dismissed by several American courts for this reason.Most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium (which can contribute to osteoporosis) , magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A. The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, an addictive substance which does not affect the products' taste.Although numerous court cases have been filed against The Coca-Cola Company since the 1920s, alleging that the acidity of the drink is dangerous, no evidence corroborating this claim has been found. Under normal conditions, scientific evidence indicates Coca-Cola's acidity causes no immediate harm. Like most other colas, Coca-Cola contains phosphoric acid. One study has shown that this hastens bone loss, contributing to illnesses such as osteoporosis. There is also some concern regarding the usage of high fructose corn syrup in the production of Coca-Cola.Since 1985 in the U. S. , Coke has been made with high fructose corn syrup, instead of sugar glucose or fructose, to reduce costs. This has come under criticism because of concerns that the corn used to produce corn syrup may come from genetically alter ed plants. Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of high fructose corn syrup because of possible links to obesity and diabetes. In India, there exists a major controversy concerning pesticides and other harmful chemicals in bottled products including Coca-Cola.In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated waters produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos — pesticides that can contribute to cancer and a breakdown of the immune system. Tested products included Coke, Pepsi, and several other soft drinks, many produced by The Coca-Cola Company.CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsi's soft drink products had 36 times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations; Coca-Cola's soft drink was found to have 30 times the permitted amount. CSE said it had tested the same products sold in the US and found no such residues. After the pesticide allegations were made in 2003, Coca-Cola sales declined by 15%. In 2004, an Indian parliamentary committee backed up CSE's findings, and a government-appointed committee was tasked with developing the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks.The Coca-Cola Company has responded that its plants filter water to remove potential contaminants and that its products are tested for pesticides and must meet minimum health standards before they are distributed. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Coca-Cola, along with other soft drinks, was initially banned, before the High Court in Kerala overturned the ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products.In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration responded to reports that the carcinogen benzene was present in unhealthy levels in certain soft drinks by conducting a survey of more than 100 soft drin ks and other beverages. Based on this limited survey, the FDA stated that it â€Å"believes that the results indicate that benzene levels are not a safety concern for consumers. † [pic]History [pic] One of the Coca-Cola Company's headquarters buildings in Atlanta, GA. Pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented a coca wine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1884.He was inspired by the formidable success of French Angelo Mariani's coca wine, Vin Mariani. The following year, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed Prohibition legislation, Pemberton began to develop a non-alcoholic version of the French Wine Coca. He named it Coca-Cola, because it included the stimulant coca leaves from South America and was flavored using kola nuts, a source of caffeine. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 that year in the Atlanta Journal.In 1887, while suffering from an ongoing addiction to morphine, Pemberton sold a stake in his company to Asa Griggs Candler, who i ncorporated it as the Coca Cola Corporation in 1888. In the same year, Pemberton sold the rights a second time to three more businessmen: J. C. Mayfield, A. O. Murphy, and E. H. Blood worth. Meanwhile, Pemberton's alcoholic son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product. Three versions of Coca-Cola — sold by three separate businesses — were on the market.In 1899 Candler sold the exclusive rights, for $1 (USD) to bottle Coca-Cola in most of the United States to two entrepreneurs from Chattarnooga, TN, Benjamin Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead who subsequently founded the Coca-Cola Bottling Company In 1919 Candler sold his company to Atlanta banker Ernest Woodruff. According to the 2005 Annual Report, the company sells beverage products in more than 200 countries. The report further states that of the more than 50 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide every day, beverages bearing the trademarks owned by or licensed to Coca-Cola accou nt for approximately 1. billion. Of these, beverages bearing the trademark â€Å"Coca-Cola† or â€Å"Coke† accounted for approximately 55% of the Company's total gallon sales. Also according to the 2005 Annual Report, Coca-Cola had gallon sales distributed as follows: 27% in the United States 27% in Mexico, Brazil, Japan and China 46% in spread throughout the world Bottlers In general, The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and/or subsidiaries only produces (or produce) syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a Coca-Cola franchise.Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise the resulting Coca-Cola product to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. One notable exception to this general relationshi p between TCCC and bottlers is fountain syrups in the United States, where TCCC bypasses bottlers and is responsible for the manufacture and sale of fountain syrups directly to authorized fountain wholesalers and some fountain retailers.In 2005, Coca-Cola had equity positions in 51 unconsolidated bottling, canning and distribution operations which produced approximately 58% of volume. Significant investees include: 36% of Coca-Cola Enterprises which produces (by population) for 78% of USA, 98% of Canada and 100% of Great Britain (but not Northern Ireland), continental France and the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and Monaco. 40% of Coca-Cola FEMSA, S. A. de C. V. which produces (by population) for 48% of Mexico, 16% of Brazil, 98% of Colombia, 47% of Guatemala, 100% of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela, and 30% of Argentina. 4% of Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company S. A. which produces (by population) for 67% of Italy and 100% of Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzeg ovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, Poland, Rep. of Ireland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine. 34% of Coca-Cola Amatil which produces (by population) for 98% of Indonesia and 100% of Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand, South Korea, Fiji and Papua New Guinea. 7% of Coca-Cola Bottling Co. which is the second largest Coca-Cola bottler in the United States. The company was incorporated in 1980, and â€Å"its predecessors have been in the soft drink manufacturing and distribution business since 1902. Products and brands [pic] [pic] Diet Coke was introduced in 1982 to offer an alternative to dieters worried about the high number of calories present in Classic Coke. Main article: Coca-Cola brands The Coca-Cola Company offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries, besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage.This includes other varieties of Co ca-Cola such as Diet Coke (introduced in 1982), which uses aspartame, a synthetic phenylalanine-based sweetener, to eliminate the sugar content of the drink; Caffeine-free Coke; Cherry Coke (1985); Diet Cherry Coke (1986); Coke with Lemon (2001); Diet Coke with Lemon (2001); Vanilla Coke (2002); Diet Vanilla Coke (2002); Coca-Cola C2 (2004); Coke with Lime (2004); Diet Coke with Lime (2004); Diet Coke with Splenda (2005), Coca-Cola Zero (2005), Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla (2006), Diet Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla (2006), and Coca-Cola BlaK. Information on brands of coca-cola: [pic]Coca-colaThe world's favorite drink. The world's most valuable brand. The most recognizable word across the world after OK. Coca-Cola has a truly remarkable heritage. From a humble beginning in 1886, it is now the flagship brand of the largest manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverages in the world In India, Coca-Cola was the leading soft-drink till 1977 when govt. policies nece ssitated its departure. Coca-Cola made its return to the country in 1993 and made significant investments to ensure that the beverage is available to more and more people, even in the remote and inaccessible parts of the nation.Coca-Cola returned to India in 1993 and over the past ten years has captured the imagination of the nation, building strong associations with cricket, the thriving cinema industry, music etc. Coca-Cola has been very strongly associated with cricket, sponsoring the World Cup in 1996 and various other tournaments, including the Coca-Cola Cup in Sharjah in the late nineties. Coca-Cola's advertising campaigns Jo Chaho Ho Jaye and Life ho to Aisi were very popular and had entered the youth's vocabulary. In 2002, Coca-Cola launched the campaign â€Å"Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola† which sky-rocketed the brand to make it India's favorite soft-drink brand.In 2003, Coke was available for just Rs. 5 across the country and this pricing initiative together with improved distribution ensured that all brands in the portfolio grew leaps and bounds. Coca-Cola had signed on various celebrities including movie stars such as Karishma Kapoor, cricketers such as Srinath, Sourav Ganguly, southern celebrities like Vijay in the past and today, its brand ambassadors are Aamir Khan, Aishwarya Rai, Vivek Oberoi and cricketer Virendra Sehwag. [pic]Fanta Internationally, Fanta – The ‘orange' drink of The Coca-Cola Company, is seen as one of the favorite drinks since 1940's.Fanta entered the Indian market in the year 1993. Over the years Fanta has occupied a strong market place and is identified as â€Å"The Fun Catalyst†. Perceived as a fun youth brand, Fanta stands for its vibrant color, tempting taste and tingling bubbles that not just uplifts feelings but also helps free spirit thus encouraging one to indulge in the moment. This positive imagery is associated with happy, cheerful and special times with friends. [pic]Georgia In the company's journey towards the vision ‘leading the beverage revolution in India', now even Garam matlab Coca-Cola†¦.A hot new launch from Coca-Cola India. Georgia, quality tea and coffee served from state of the art vending machines is positioned to tap into the nation’s biggest beverage category. Georgia, which promises a great tasting, consistent, hygienic and affordable cuppa is available in a range of [pic]sizzling flavours, adrak, elaichi, masala and plain tea cappuccino, mochaccino and regular coffee. Georgia aims to become the consumers preferred choice of hot beverage when he is on the go; the brand is well on course to achieving its visionWhile Georgia is a mass market offering, Georgia Gold is the premium brand which caters to the connoisseur. Made from freshly roasted and ground coffee beans, Georgia Gold is delicious tasting aroma with the tantalizing aroma of fresh coffee. Currently available exclusively at McDonald’s outlets across the country Georgia Gol d has driven coffee sales through the roof. The success of hot beverages from Georgia Gold has resulted in extension into the cold category, with the introduction of Ice Tea and Cold Coffee [pic] Kinley Water, a thirst quencher that refreshes, a life giving force that washes all the toxins away.A ritual purifier that cleanses, purifies, transforms. Water, the most basic need of life, the very sustenance of Life, a celebration of life itself. The importance of water can never be understated. Particularly in a nation such as India where water governs the lives of the millions, be it as part of everyday rituals or as the monsoon which gives life to the sub-continent. Kinley water understands the importance and value of this life giving force. Kinley water thus promises water that is as pure as it is meant to be. Water you can trust to be truly safe and pure.Kinley water comes with the assurance of safety from the Coca-Cola Company. That is why we introduced Kinley with reverse-osmosis along with the latest technology to ensure the purity of our product. That's why we go through rigorous testing procedures at each and every location where Kinley is produced. Because we believe that right to pure, safe drinking water is fundamental. A universal need that cannot be left to chance [pic]Sprite Worldwide Sprite is ranked as the No. 4 soft drink. It is sold in more than 190 countries Worldwide Sprite is ranked as the No. soft drink & is sold in more than 190 countries. In India, Sprite was launched in year 1999 & todayit has grown to be one of the fastest growing soft drinks, leading the Clear lime category. Today Sprite is perceived as a youth icon. Why? With a strong appeal to the youth, Sprite has stood for a straight forward and honest attitude. Its clear crisp refreshing taste encourages the today's youth to trust their instincts, influence them to be true to who they are and to obey their thirst. [pic]Limca Lime n' lemony Limca, the drink that can cast a tangy ref reshing spell on anyone, anywhere.Born in 1971, Limca has been the original thirst choice, of millions of consumers for over 3 decades The brand has been displaying healthy volume growths year on year and Limca continues to be the leading flavor soft drink in the country. The success formula? The sharp fizz and lemony bite combined with the single minded positioning of the brand as the ultimate refresher has continuously strengthened the brand franchise. Limca energizes refreshes and transforms. Dive into the zingy refreshment of Limca and walk away a new person†¦ [pic]Maaza Maaza was launched in 1976.Here was a drink that offered the same real taste of fruit juices and was available throughout the year. In 1993, Maaza was acquired by Coca-Cola India. Maaza currently dominates the fruit drink category. Over the years, brand Maaza has become synonymous with Mango. This has been the result of such successful campaigns like â€Å"Taaza Mango, Maaza Mango† and â€Å"Botal m ein Aam, Maaza hain Naam†. Consumers regard Maaza as wholesome, the current advertising of Maaza positions it as an enabler of fun friendship moments between moms and kids as moms trust the brand and the kids love its taste.The campaign builds on the existing equity of the brand and delivers a relevant emotional benefit to the moms rightly captured in the tagline â€Å"Yaari Dosti Taaza Maaza† [pic]Thums up Strong Cola Taste, Exciting Personality Thums Up is a leading carbonated soft drink and most trusted brand in India. Originally introduced in 1977, Thums Up was acquired by The   Coca-Cola Company in 1993 Thums Up is known for its strong, fizzy taste and its confident, mature   and uniquely masculine attitude. This brand clearly seeks to separate the men from the boys Career at Coca-Cola:Every person who drinks a Coca-Cola enjoys a moment of refreshment – and shares in an experience that millions of others have savored. And all of those individual experien ces combined have created worldwide phenomenon. The Secret of Formula: Commitment, tempered by Passion and seasoned with a great deal of Fun is the Coke way of life. Drawing upon our collective energies, this Secret Formula drives us to achieve greater results collaboratively and thoroughly enjoy ourselves while doing it! The pace, energy and passion of our people constitute the invisible glue that make us one of the most sought after workplaces. Participative Leadership:Right from our interactions in the market, our Business Planning and our Brand launches, to our Employee Engagement Programs, our Values Agenda, and employee processes, every system is available for continuous improvement. A learning atmosphere, enabled by our Manifesto for Growth, helps us seek and replicate the learning’s from within and outside our organization. Our Engagement programs enable us to examine, validate and improve ourselves, constantly. Our colleagues involve themselves in our opportunities f or participative leadership volunteering for work groups that assist decision-making in critical processes.CAMPUS RECRUITMENTS: A taste of summer the Coca-Cola Summer Trainee Program is designed to facilitate the professional development of young talent and identify talented culture-fit employees for the company's Management Trainee program. The Summer Trainee program provides a learning of the vagaries and complexities of our business ‘from the ground up'. With value-creating live projects, the intern begins appreciating the intricacies of his or her function and the impact that it has on business. The quality and content of projects provides an opportunity to complement your classroom learning with hands-on experience.The Coca-Cola Management Trainee Program is the first step towards developing business general managers. A structured assessment process at some of the country's premier business schools ensures that we hire the right talent to groom them into senior management positions. A cross-functional training program spread over six months across the country builds an appreciation of the complexity of the business as well as help you understand the its interlink ages. The learning experience is also spiced up with value-creating projects in the functional stints. Ground learning’s are further consolidated with tructured classroom sessions from the field managers themselves and a Community Development stint helps the leaders of tomorrow to relate to their environment and reaffirms our commitment to the communities that we work in. Women Operations Trainees Program: The WOTES program is based on the Company philosophy that reemphasizes Equal Opportunity and Meritocracy as a core value of the Company’s operations. The program not only aims to grow the business in sync with the Company’s diverse community and consumer base but also intends to engage confident educated Indian women to be an integral part of our organization.The WOTE S or Women Operations Trainees Program is a focused Sales Training program for Women executives who will supplement the sales force in Frontline Sales. Spanning six-months the program consists of a three-month introduction to Sales the Coke way, followed by three months of on-the-job training at their prospective locations. The program imparts invaluable learning and an exposure to on-ground market conditions. At the end of the training, the WOTES will join the field force managing the sales operations across the country.We are guided by the shared values that guide us a Company and as individuals: [pic]Leadership ‘The courage to shape a better future’ [pic]Passion ‘Committed in heart and mind’ [pic]Integrity ‘Be real’ [pic]Accountability ‘If it is to be, it’s up to me [pic]Collaboration ‘Leverage collective genius’ [pic]Innovation ‘Seek, imagine, create, delight’ [pic]Quality ‘What we do, we do well ’ Respecting Ideals We Have Grown With Coca-Cola treasures its people as the most valuable asset, and assert with pride the role its human resources have played in establishing a consistent set of ideals.The Company attributes its unabated growth momentum worldwide to the disciplined approach of its manpower, and promises to reward its employees by respecting these ideals to sustain its long-term growth plans, no matter how much the world and business structures undergo changes. Integrity Is Our Key Ingredient Of Success we believe our success primarily hinges on integrity, and hence, our absolute thrust is on ensuring quality control for each and every of our products, acting with a strong sense of accountability in everything we do.Integrating Our Global Brand With Local Perspectives: Our people have always acknowledged that building and nurturing relationships with people and the world around us is an essential part of our work. No matter how big or complex our business be comes, we recognize the need to demonstrate complete respect for each other. As the world becomes more and more interconnected, yet more firmly rooted in local pride, identification of our interdependence with our stakeholders becomes even more essential.As we have expanded over the decades, our company has benefited from the various cultural insights and perspectives of the societies in which we do business. A large part of our relationship with the world around us is our relationship with the physical world. While we have always sought to be sensitive to the environment, we must use our significant resources and capabilities to provide active leadership on environmental issues, particularly those relevant to our businesses.Much of our future success will depend on our ability to develop a worldwide team that is rich in its diversity of thinking, perspectives, backgrounds and culture. Coca-Cola is the world's most inclusive brand, and Coca-Cola must also be the world's most inclusi ve company Corporate response: The Coca-Cola Company believes our business has always been based on the trust consumers everywhere place in us—trust that is earned by what we do as a corporate citizen and by our ability to live our values as a commercial enterprise.There is much in our world to celebrate, refresh, strengthen and protect. Through our actions as local citizens, we strive every day to refresh the marketplace, enrich the workplace, preserve the environment and strengthen our communities. At the heart of our business is the trust consumers place in us. They rightly expect that we are managing our business according to sound ethical principles, that we are enhancing the health of our communities, and that we are using natural resources responsibly. Media:Touching lives of a few more Fisherman- closer to 2nd anniversary of Tsunami Coca-Cola India Dedicates New Dockyard and Marketing Centre to Cuddlier Fishing Community Continuing its long-standing and ongoing suppor t to communities affected by Tsunami in Tamil Nadu, Coca-Cola India and Hindustan Coca Cola Beverage Pvt. Ltd and to realize their common vision to strengthen the communities, dedicated a boat dockyard and a large Marketing Centre to the fishing community in Pudhukuppam, situated 25 kms from Cuddalore in Tamilnadu.This was done by organizing a large community mobilization camp on November 26, 2006 in presence of hundreds of members of community, District Collector, representatives of our partner NGO- AFPRO and other dignitaries. The Dockyard facility aims to create new economic opportunities for the fishing families in Pudhukuppam. While the dockyard will ensure that the boats will not get impacted during disasters and the marketing centre ensures that the fishermen get good price right at their doorstep. Earlier, Coca-Cola had provided fiber motorized boats and fishing nets to a group of 80 fishermen in adjoining village in the same area.The district collector Sh. Gagandeep Singh B edi, present at the occasion, commended Coca-Cola’s effort for such a unique project post Tsunami, which will touch the lives of the poorest of the fisherman. Sh Bedi highlighted that the project is unique as not only it is first Dock Yard coming up post Tsunami but that the marketing centre will help touch lives of even the smallest of the fisherman. The boat dockyard and marketing center together are expected to considerably ease the burden of storage, transportation and sale of the catch for approximately 3000 fishing families that live in the surrounding area.Speaking on the occasion the Panchayat President said that, â€Å"This initiative by Coca-Cola India and Action for Food Production (AFPRO) to bring about a renewed economic change is heartily welcome. The new boat dockyard would enable the fishermen to dock their boats safely and the proximity of the dockyard to the main market and the road will ease the burden of transportation, preservation and disposal of the ca tch†. He added that such corporate contributions are the only way the region’s fishing community – recently affected by the disastrous tsunami – will regain economic stability.With the financial investment from Coca-Cola India, the dockyard is built with technical support from Action for Food Production (AFPRO), a socio-technical non-governmental organization working for the development of the rural poor through effective natural resource management solutions. The new dockyard has been constructed at a convenient location further inland on the backwaters and away from the coast so that boats can be safely anchored and can be protected from any natural calamity like tsunami